Shloka 16

Vāta-vyādhi Nidāna and Lakṣaṇa: Obstruction, Dhātu-Seating, and Major Neuromuscular Entities

Devanagari script

स्तम्भनाक्षेपणं स्वप्नः सन्धिभञ्जनकम्पनम् / यदा तु धमनीः सर्वाः क्रुद्धो ऽभ्येति मुहुर्मुहुः / तदाङ्गमाक्षिपत्येष व्याधिराक्षेपणः स्मृतः

Transliteration

stambhanākṣepaṇaṃ svapnaḥ sandhibhañjanakampanam / yadā tu dhamanīḥ sarvāḥ kruddho 'bhyeti muhurmuhuḥ / tadāṅgamākṣipatyeṣa vyādhirākṣepaṇaḥ smṛtaḥ

Translation

Cứng đờ và giật cục, giấc ngủ rối loạn, và run rẩy như thể các khớp xương đang gãy vỡ—khi ngọn gió (khí) giận dữ liên tục chạy qua tất cả các mạch máu, nó khiến tay chân co giật. Bệnh này được gọi là ‘ākṣepaṇa’.

Word by Word

• stambhana-ākṣepaṇam: stiffening and convulsive throwing (spasm)
• stambhana-ākṣepaṇam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: stambhana (स्तम्भन, प्रातिपदिक) + ākṣepaṇa (आक्षेपण, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमास (स्तम्भनस्य आक्षेपणम्)

• svapnaḥ: sleep
• svapnaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svapna (स्वप्न, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

• sandhi-bhañjana-kampanam: trembling with breaking of joints
• sandhi-bhañjana-kampanam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sandhi (सन्धि, प्रातिपदिक) + bhañjana (भञ्जन, प्रातिपदिक) + kampana (कम्पन, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमास (सन्धीनां भञ्जनं च कम्पनं च)

• yadā: when
• yadā: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yadā (यदा, अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb: 'when')

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (तु, अव्यय)
• Form: निपात/समुच्चय-व्यतिरेकसूचक (particle: 'but/indeed')

• dhamanīḥ: arteries/nerves
• dhamanīḥ: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhamanī (धमनी, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), बहुवचन

• sarvāḥ: all
• sarvāḥ: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (सर्व, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), बहुवचन; विशेषण (dhamanīḥ इति)

• kruddhaḥ: agitated/angered
• kruddhaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krudh (क्रुध्, धातु) → kruddha (क्रुद्ध, क्त-प्रत्यय, कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; विशेषण (वायुः/रोगः इत्यर्थे)

• abhyeti: approaches/attacks
• abhyeti: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√i (अभि+इ, धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• muhuḥ-muhuḥ: again and again
• muhuḥ-muhuḥ: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: muhuḥ (मुहुः, अव्यय) + muhuḥ (मुहुः, अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरुक्त-अव्यय (adverb: repeatedly)

• tadā: then
• tadā: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (तदा, अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (then)

• aṅgam: the body/limb
• aṅgam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṅga (अङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• ākṣipati: throws/jerks
• ākṣipati: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√kṣip (आ+क्षिप्, धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• eṣaḥ: this (one)
• eṣaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (एतद्, सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• vyādhiḥ: disease
• vyādhiḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyādhi (व्याधि, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

• ākṣepaṇaḥ: (called) convulsion/spasm
• ākṣepaṇaḥ: Samanaadhikarana (Apposition/समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ākṣepaṇa (आक्षेपण, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; नाम (disease-name)

• smṛtaḥ: is said/considered
• smṛtaḥ: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √smṛ (स्मृ, धातु) → smṛta (स्मृत, क्त-प्रत्यय, कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोगार्थः (is said/considered)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (to Garuda)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vāta (vāyu) aggravation/derangement in the channels causes ākṣepaṇa (convulsive seizure) with stiffness, jerks, disturbed sleep, and joint-trembling sensations.

Vedantic Theme: Deha-asatva and the contingency of bodily states; the witnessing self is distinct from fluctuating prāṇic/physical phenomena.

Application: Recognize vāta-provoked seizure signs early; reduce aggravating factors (overexertion, fasting, fear, dryness), seek stabilizing care, and maintain calm supportive environment.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.166 (śārīra/roga-lakṣaṇa context; vāyu-prakopa and marma/naḍī effects)

Characters & Entities

• Vāta (Anila)
• Dhamanīs (channels/arteries)

FAQs

What is ‘ākṣepaṇa’ according to Garuda Purana?

Here it is a convulsive disorder where aggravated vāyu repeatedly surges through the dhamanīs, causing stiffness, tremors, and involuntary limb-jerking.

How does this verse explain the mechanism behind convulsions?

It attributes convulsions to vāyu becoming ‘kruddha’ (aggravated) and moving forcefully through all channels, producing systemic shaking and spasms.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

It highlights pattern-recognition: recurring tremors, rigidity, and jerking are serious signs—seek medical care promptly while understanding how classical texts framed such symptoms.