Shloka 14

Kāsa-bheda: The Fivefold Classification of Cough and Its Clinical Signs

Devanagari script

पारावत इवोत्कूजन्पार्श्वशूली ततो ऽस्य च / कफाद्यैर्वमनं पक्तिबलवर्णञ्च हीयते

Transliteration

pārāvata ivotkūjanpārśvaśūlī tato 'sya ca / kaphādyairvamanaṃ paktibalavarṇañca hīyate

Translation

Rồi người ấy rên rỉ như chim bồ câu, bị đau nhói nơi hông sườn. Người ấy nôn ra đờm dãi và các thứ khác; sức tiêu hóa, sức lực và sắc diện đều suy giảm.

Word by Word

• पारावतः: pigeon/dove
• पारावतः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारावत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• इव: like/as
• इव: Sambandha (Comparative marker/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• उत्कूजन्: cooing loudly
• उत्कूजन्: Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत् + कूज् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• पार्श्वशूली: one having pain in the side
• पार्श्वशूली: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्श्व (प्रातिपदिक) + शूलिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (पार्श्वे शूलं यस्य/पार्श्वशूलिन्)

• ततः: then/thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana/Temporal (Time/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रम/अनन्तरार्थक (then/thereafter)

• अस्य: of him/of this (person)
• अस्य: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• कफाद्यैः: by phlegm etc. (humors)
• कफाद्यैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कफ (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; समाहार/समुच्चयार्थे ‘आदि’ (कफ-आदि)

• वमनम्: vomiting
• वमनम्: Karma/Predicate (Object-like symptom/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वमन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (1st/2nd), एकवचन (context: symptom as item)

• पक्ति: digestion
• पक्ति: Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (in compound)

• बल: strength
• बल: Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (in compound)

• वर्णम्: complexion/color
• वर्णम्: Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (in compound)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• हीयते: diminishes/declines
• हीयते: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हा (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Kapha

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Clinical recognition of disease signs and the impermanence of bodily vigor.

Vedantic Theme: Anityatva of the body; dehābhimāna as a source of suffering.

Application: Observe early symptoms, seek timely care, and cultivate detachment and preparedness for mortality.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.149 (disease-signs/roga-lakshana sequence)

FAQs

What is the importance of describing disease symptoms in the Garuda Purana?

This verse uses concrete bodily signs—pain, vomiting, and loss of strength—to show how suffering manifests tangibly, often framed in the Purana as the ripening of past actions (karma).

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in Garuda Purana’s narrative?

By emphasizing the weakening of digestion, strength, and complexion, it highlights the body’s deterioration that precedes death—setting the stage for the text’s broader teaching on what follows for the jīva after bodily decline.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat physical decline as a reminder to live dharmically, reduce harmful actions, and prioritize ethical conduct and spiritual preparation alongside appropriate medical care.