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Shloka 23

Mahābhārata-saṅkṣepa and Avatāra-kāraṇa

Brahmā’s Synopsis of the Epic and the Logic of Divine Descents

Devanagari script

नाप्तवन्तः कुरुक्षेत्रे युद्धञ्चक्रुर्बलान्विताः / अक्षौहिणीभिर्दिव्याभिः सप्तभिः परिवारिताः

Transliteration

nāptavantaḥ kurukṣetre yuddhañcakrurbalānvitāḥ / akṣauhiṇībhirdivyābhiḥ saptabhiḥ parivāritāḥ

Translation

Không đạt được điều mong cầu, họ đã giao chiến tại Kurukṣetra, đầy đủ sức mạnh, được bao quanh bởi bảy đạo quân akṣauhiṇī mang uy lực thần thánh.

Word by Word
नnot
न:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध-निपात (negation particle)
आप्तवन्तःhaving obtained
आप्तवन्तः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√आप् (धातु) + क्तवत् (कृदन्त)
Formकर्तरि कृदन्त (past active participle/क्तवत्); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘having obtained’
कुरुक्षेत्रेin Kurukṣetra
कुरुक्षेत्रे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु + क्षेत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘कुरूणां क्षेत्रम्’
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
चक्रुःthey did/made
चक्रुः:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
बलान्विताःendowed with strength
बलान्विताः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootबल + अन्वित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘बलेन अन्विताः’ (endowed with strength)
अक्षौहिणीभिःby (many) armies (akṣauhiṇīs)
अक्षौहिणीभिः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षौहिणी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
दिव्याभिःdivine, splendid
दिव्याभिः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदिव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (अक्षौहिणीभिः)
सप्तभिःby seven
सप्तभिः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; संख्याविशेषणम् (अक्षौहिणीभिः)
परिवारिताःsurrounded
परिवारिताः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + √वृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘surrounded’
Speaker

Uncertain from isolated verse (likely within the Viṣṇu–Garuḍa dialogue, but needs surrounding context to confirm)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: When rightful claims are denied, collective karma ripens into war; adharma precipitates large-scale suffering.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma’s restoration may require painful action; outcomes unfold through prārabdha and collective causality, while inner detachment remains ideal.

Application: Recognize how systemic injustice escalates into conflict; address grievances early; understand consequences of refusal and pride.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: vira

Geographic Context

Type: battlefield (dharmakṣetra)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: war as fruit of adharma; didactic reminders that violence arises from greed and envy (thematic).

Characters & Entities
K
Kurukṣetra
A
Akṣauhiṇī

FAQs

An akṣauhiṇī is a classical measure of a full army formation; this verse emphasizes the scale by mentioning seven divine akṣauhiṇīs surrounding the combatants.

Kurukṣetra functions as a culturally recognized symbol of dharma-yuddha and decisive conflict; this verse invokes that frame to describe a powerful, large-scale battle scene.

Treat conflict as a dharmic responsibility: act with strength and discipline, but ensure the goal (āpti) is righteous—otherwise even great power leads to fruitless struggle.

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