Shloka 10

Budhāṣṭamī / Mahārudra Vrata: Procedure, Mantra, and the Story of Kauśika and Vijayā

Devanagari script

दुहिता विजयानाम्नी व (ध) नपालो वृषो ऽभवत् / गृहीत्वा कौशिकस्तं च ग्रीष्मे गङ्गां गतो ऽरमत्

Transliteration

duhitā vijayānāmnī va (dha) napālo vṛṣo 'bhavat / gṛhītvā kauśikastaṃ ca grīṣme gaṅgāṃ gato 'ramat

Translation

Con gái ông tên Vijayā, còn Dhanapāla thì hóa thành một con bò đực. Kauśika dắt con bò ấy theo, và vào mùa hạ đã đến sông Gaṅgā, lưu lại nơi đó trong niềm hoan hỷ của hạnh nguyện.

Word by Word

• दुहिता: daughter
• दुहिता: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुहितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• विजया-नाम्नी: named Vijayā
• विजया-नाम्नी: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विजया (प्रातिपदिक) + नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (विजया इति नाम यस्याः); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; दुहिता विशेषणम्

• व: or/variant marker
• व: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: व (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्प/उपमा/अनुनासिक-प्रयोगेषु; अत्र पाठभेदसूचकः (variant reading marker)

• धनपालः: Dhanapāla (name)
• धनपालः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनपाल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (पाठभेदे "धनपालो")

• वृषः: a bull
• वृषः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अभवत्: became/was
• अभवत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; "became/was"

• गृहीत्वा: having taken
• गृहीत्वा: Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ग्रह् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययीभावरूप कृदन्त (absolutive/gerund): "having taken"

• कौशिकः: Kauśika
• कौशिकः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौशिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तम्: him/that one
• तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वृषम्/धनपालम् इत्यस्य निर्देशः

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• ग्रीष्मे: in summer
• ग्रीष्मे: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रीष्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; कालाधिकरणम्

• गङ्गाम्: to the Gaṅgā
• गङ्गाम्: Karma (Goal/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गङ्गा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; गमनकर्मणि गन्तव्य-देशः

• गतः: gone
• गतः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गम् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (past participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कौशिकः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• अरमत्: sported/enjoyed
• अरमत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रम् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect/past), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; "enjoyed/sported"

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda, Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Pitta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Embodied states (even animal forms) can be tied to karmic narrative; tīrtha-sevā and vrata observance are portrayed as remedial/purificatory acts.

Vedantic Theme: Karma’s continuity across forms; sacred action as means to purification.

Application: Undertake disciplined observances at sacred places with compassion toward dependent beings; interpret hardship as call to dharmic response.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: sacred river/ghāṭa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.132.10-11 (Gaṅgā stay leading to loss and distress)

Characters & Entities

• Vijayā
• Dhanapāla
• Kauśika
• Gaṅgā

FAQs

What is the importance of the Gaṅgā in Garuda Purana narratives?

This verse presents Gaṅgā as a sacred destination connected with observance and purification, where a sage (Kauśika) goes and remains engaged in his practice.

How does this verse explain karma through transformation?

By stating that Dhanapāla ‘became a bull,’ the verse signals a karmic consequence or narrative turning-point where a being’s condition changes, setting up the moral-causal thread of the episode.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat actions as carrying long-term consequences, and value disciplined pilgrimage/retreat-like periods (time set aside for dharma and self-restraint) as part of ethical living.