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Shloka 1

Nīti-saṅgraha: Conduct, Association, Kali-yuga Decline, and the Supremacy of Vidyā

Devanagari script

ऽध्यायः सूत उवाच / कुमार्यां च कुमित्रं च कुराजानं कुपुत्रकम् / कुकन्यां च कुदेशं च दूरतः परिवर्जयेत्

Transliteration

'dhyāyaḥ sūta uvāca / kumāryāṃ ca kumitraṃ ca kurājānaṃ kuputrakam / kukanyāṃ ca kudeśaṃ ca dūrataḥ parivarjayet

Translation

Sūta nói: Hãy tránh xa một thiếu nữ chưa xuất giá, một bạn xấu, một vua ác, một đứa con trai hư, một con gái vô hạnh, và một xứ sở tà ác.

Word by Word
अध्यायःchapter
अध्यायः:
Karta (Heading/topic/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
सूतःSūta
सूतः:
Karta (Speaker/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriyā (Speech act/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद
कुमार्याम्a (bad) maiden/young woman
कुमार्याम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकुमारि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Coordination/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
कुमित्रम्a bad friend
कुमित्रम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकु + मित्र (प्रातिपदिक; तत्पुरुष-समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Coordination/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
कुराजानम्a bad king/ruler
कुराजानम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकु + राजन् (प्रातिपदिक; तत्पुरुष-समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
कुपुत्रकम्a bad son
कुपुत्रकम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकु + पुत्रक (प्रातिपदिक; तत्पुरुष-समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
कुकन्याम्a bad daughter
कुकन्याम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकु + कन्या (प्रातिपदिक; तत्पुरुष-समास)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Coordination/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
कुदेशम्a bad country/place
कुदेशम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकु + देश (प्रातिपदिक; तत्पुरुष-समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Coordination/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
दूरतःfrom afar, at a distance
दूरतः:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverb/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदूरतः (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place: ablatival sense)
परिवर्जयेत्should avoid
परिवर्जयेत्:
Kriyā (Main action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + वर्ज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद
Speaker

Sūta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Avoid proximity to morally/strategically dangerous persons and places; bad association is a root of downfall.

Vedantic Theme: Saṅga as a binding force; choosing sattvic company supports inner clarity.

Application: Set boundaries; evaluate relationships and environments; avoid compromising situations; cultivate wise counsel and safe communities.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: nīti lists on avoiding duṣsaṅga and cultivating sad-saṅga (general thematic parallel)

FAQs

This verse frames harmful associations (people and places) as direct risks to dharma; keeping distance is presented as preventative moral discipline.

Indirectly: by advising avoidance of corrupting influences, it supports righteous conduct (dharma), which the Garuda Purana treats as crucial for one’s post-death fate and freedom from suffering.

Choose trustworthy friends, avoid exploitative leadership and unsafe environments, and maintain clear boundaries from relationships or settings that pressure unethical behavior.

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