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Shloka 58

Prāyaścitta: Catalogue of Sins, Narakas, and Graded Expiations

Kṛcchra–Cāndrāyaṇa–Japa

Devanagari script

ब्रह्मचर्यं दया क्षान्तिर्ध्यानं सत्यमकल्कता / अहिंसा स्तेयमाधुर्ये दमश्चैते यमाः स्मृताः

Transliteration

brahmacaryaṃ dayā kṣāntirdhyānaṃ satyamakalkatā / ahiṃsā steyamādhurye damaścaite yamāḥ smṛtāḥ

Translation

Phạm hạnh (tiết dục), lòng từ bi, nhẫn nhục, thiền định, chân thật, sự thanh khiết không tì vết, bất bạo động, không trộm cắp, lời nói và hạnh kiểm nhu hòa, cùng sự điều phục các căn—đó được ghi nhớ là các yama (giới chế).

Word by Word
ब्रह्मचर्यम्celibacy, brahmacarya
ब्रह्मचर्यम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (ब्रह्म + चर्य), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
दयाcompassion
दया:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
क्षान्तिःforbearance
क्षान्तिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षान्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
ध्यानम्meditation
ध्यानम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootध्यान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
सत्यम्truthfulness
सत्यम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
अकल्कताspotlessness, purity
अकल्कता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअकल्कता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनञ्-तत्पुरुष (अ + हिंसा), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
स्तेयम्non-stealing (absence of theft)
स्तेयम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्तेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
माधुर्येsweetness, gentleness (twofold/dual form as transmitted)
माधुर्ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमाधुर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), द्विवचन (dual) (as in text माधुर्ये)
दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
एतेthese
एते:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying यमाः)
यमाःrestraints (yamas)
यमाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन
स्मृताःare said/are remembered as
स्मृताः:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु) / स्मृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle) used predicatively; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Yamas as foundational restraints: brahmacarya, compassion, forbearance, meditation, truth, purity, non-violence, non-stealing, sweetness, and sense-control.

Vedantic Theme: Antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi (purification of mind) as prerequisite for higher knowledge and devotion.

Application: Adopt one yama at a time (e.g., ahiṃsā in speech, satya with kindness, asteya in time/attention) and track daily conduct.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.105.59 (niyama list follows)

FAQs

This verse defines yamas as core ethical restraints—self-restraint, compassion, truth, purity, non-violence, and sense-control—presented as foundational dharma that steadies conduct and purifies karma.

By emphasizing moral restraint and inner discipline, it implies that the soul’s well-being and onward journey are supported by purified karma and controlled senses, rather than by mere outward acts.

Adopt daily truthfulness, non-harm, non-stealing, gentle speech, meditation, and sense-control as concrete vows; these directly refine character and reduce harmful karmic patterns.

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