Prāyaścitta: Catalogue of Sins, Narakas, and Graded Expiations
Kṛcchra–Cāndrāyaṇa–Japa
ब्रह्महत्याव्रतं वापि वत्सरत्रितयं चरेत् / वैश्यहाब्दं च (ब्दांश्च) रेदेतद्दद्याद्वैकशतं गवाम्
brahmahatyāvrataṃ vāpi vatsaratritayaṃ caret / vaiśyahābdaṃ ca (bdāṃśca) redetaddadyādvaikaśataṃ gavām
Nên thực hành pháp sám hối cho tội “brahma-hatyā” trong ba năm. Còn đối với việc giết một Vaiśya, nên thực hành khổ hạnh theo quy định trong một năm (hoặc phần thời hạn đã nêu), và để chuộc tội thì bố thí một trăm con bò.
Lord Viṣṇu (in dialogue with Garuḍa/Vinatā-putra)
Concept: Karmic gravity is graded: brahma-hatyā demands multi-year vrata; other killings require proportionate austerity and dāna.
Vedantic Theme: Mala-śodhana (purification of mind) through tapas; recognition that ethical rupture obstructs sattva and spiritual progress.
Application: For severe wrongdoing, adopt long-term corrective practice (behavioral reform, service, restitution) rather than quick symbolic gestures.
Primary Rasa: karuna
Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka
Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.105 (graded prāyaścitta scheme; cow-gifts as expiation)
This verse frames prāyaścitta as a dharmic remedy: serious harms require sustained vows (vrata) and restitution through dāna, aligning the doer back toward moral order.
While later sections describe post-death consequences, this verse emphasizes a preventative and corrective path in life—undertaking penance and giving charity to address grave wrongdoing.
Treat wrongdoing as requiring real repair: sustained self-discipline, sincere repentance, and meaningful restitution/charity proportional to the harm caused.