Shloka 32
युगप्रजालक्षणम् ऋषिप्रवरवर्णनं च
Yuga–Prajā-Lakṣaṇa and the Enumeration of Eminent Ṛṣis
Devanagari script
तपःप्रकर्षः सुमहान्येषां ते ऋषयः स्मृताः / बृहस्पतिश्च शुक्रश्च व्यासः सारस्वतस्तथा
Transliteration
tapaḥprakarṣaḥ sumahānyeṣāṃ te ṛṣayaḥ smṛtāḥ / bṛhaspatiśca śukraśca vyāsaḥ sārasvatastathā
Translation
Công phu khổ hạnh của họ vô cùng lớn; vì thế họ được nhớ là các hiền triết: Bṛhaspati, Śukra, Vyāsa và Sārasvata.
Word by Word
tapaḥ-prakarṣaḥgreat intensity of austerity
tapaḥ-prakarṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottapas (प्रातिपदिक) + prakarṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative singular; तत्पुरुष—‘excellence/intensity (prakarṣa) of austerity (tapas)’
su-mahānvery great
su-mahān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + mahant (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative singular; ‘very great’ (su- as intensifier)
yeṣāmof whom
yeṣām:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive plural; relative pronoun
tethey/those
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative plural; correlative pronoun
ṛṣayaḥsages
ṛṣayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative plural
smṛtāḥare remembered/are said
smṛtāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√smṛ (स्मृ) + ta (कृदन्त)
FormPast passive participle, Masculine nominative plural; ‘are remembered/considered’
bṛhaspatiḥBṛhaspati
bṛhaspatiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbṛhaspati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative singular
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
śukraḥŚukra
śukraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśukra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative singular
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
vyāsaḥVyāsa
vyāsaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvyāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative singular
sārasvataḥSārasvata
sārasvataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsārasvata (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative singular
tathālikewise/also
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण)