Shloka 39
यज्ञप्रवर्तनम् (Yajña-pravartana) — The Institution/Commencement of Sacrifice in Dvāpara
Devanagari script
नाधीयते तदा वेदान्न यजं ते द्विजातयः / उत्सीदन्ति नराश्चैव क्षत्रियाश्च विशः क्रमात्
Transliteration
nādhīyate tadā vedānna yajaṃ te dvijātayaḥ / utsīdanti narāścaiva kṣatriyāśca viśaḥ kramāt
Translation
Khi ấy không còn học tụng Veda, các bậc Dvija cũng không cử hành tế lễ yajña; dần dần con người, giai cấp Kṣatriya và Vaiśya đều suy tàn theo thứ tự.
Word by Word
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
adhīyateis studied, is recited
adhīyate:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootadhi√i (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोग (passive/impersonal sense): ‘is studied/recited’
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)
vedānthe Vedas
vedān:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootveda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
yajamsacrifice, ritual offering
yajam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootyajña (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); छान्दस/प्राकृतरूप (variant for yajñam)
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); सर्वनाम (pronoun)
dvijātayaḥthe twice-born (Brahmins etc.)
dvijātayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdvi (प्रातिपदिक) + jāti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘twice’ + ‘born’ (twice-born classes)
utsīdantidecline, perish, sink down
utsīdanti:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootut√sad (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद
narāḥmen, people
narāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle of emphasis)
kṣatriyāḥKshatriyas
kṣatriyāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣatriya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
viśaḥthe Vaiśyas / commoners
viśaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootviś (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (collective), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); ‘the common people/Viś (Vaiśyas)’
kramātgradually, in sequence
kramāt:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkrama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन (Singular) प्रयुक्तम् अव्ययवत्; ‘in due order/gradually’ (ablative of manner)