Shloka 49
पितृसर्ग-श्राद्धप्रश्नाः
Pitri-Origins and Shraddha Queries
Devanagari script
शंयुस्तमब्रवीद्भूयः पितरं ब्रह्मवित्तमम् / सर्ववेदव्रतस्नातः सर्वज्ञानविदां वरः / कीदृशं सर्वभूतेशस्तपस्तेपे प्रजा पतिः
Transliteration
śaṃyustamabravīdbhūyaḥ pitaraṃ brahmavittamam / sarvavedavratasnātaḥ sarvajñānavidāṃ varaḥ / kīdṛśaṃ sarvabhūteśastapastepe prajā patiḥ
Translation
Rồi Śaṃyu lại thưa hỏi cha mình—bậc thấu triệt Brahman, đã thanh tịnh nhờ mọi giới nguyện Veda, bậc tối thắng trong hàng người trí—rằng: “Bạch Đấng Chúa tể muôn loài, Prajāpati đã tu khổ hạnh như thế nào?”
Word by Word
śaṃyuḥŚaṃyu (a sage)
śaṃyuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśaṃyu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
abravītsaid/spoke
abravīt:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootbrū (धातु)
Formलुङ् (Aorist), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
bhūyaḥagain/further
bhūyaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbhūyaḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (Indeclinable), पुनरर्थक क्रियाविशेषण (Adverb: again/further)
pitaramfather
pitaram:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
brahma-vittamamthe best knower of Brahman
brahma-vittamam:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक) + vittama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); 'ब्रह्मवित्' = ब्रह्म + विद् (ज्ञाने) → 'knower of Brahman', तस्य तमप्-प्रत्ययेन 'वित्तम' (superlative-like: best knower)
sarva-veda-vrata-snātāḥinitiated in all Vedic vows
sarva-veda-vrata-snātāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक) + veda (प्रातिपदिक) + vrata (प्रातिपदिक) + snāta (कृदन्त, स्ना धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); कृदन्त: स्नात (Past passive participle) = 'bathed/initiated'; समासार्थ: सर्वेषु वेदव्रतेषु स्नातः
sarva-jñāna-vidāmof all knowers of knowledge
sarva-jñāna-vidām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक) + jñāna (प्रातिपदिक) + vid (प्रातिपदिक: विद् 'knower')
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural); 'विद्' = 'knower'
varaḥthe best/excellent one
varaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeNoun
Rootvara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
kīdṛśamwhat kind of
kīdṛśam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootkīdṛśa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
sarva-bhūta-īśaḥlord of all beings
sarva-bhūta-īśaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūta (प्रातिपदिक) + īśa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: सर्वभूतानाम् ईशः
tapaḥausterity
tapaḥ:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottapas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
tepeperformed (tapas)
tepe:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Roottap (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), आत्मनेपद (Atmanepada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
prajā-patiḥlord of creatures (Prajāpati)
prajā-patiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक) + pati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: प्रजानाम् पतिः