Shloka 42
Bhārgava Rāma at Māhiṣmatī: Narmadā-stuti and the Challenge to Kārttavīryārjuna
Devanagari script
दृष्ट्वा तमित्थं प्रहरन्तमोजसा रामं रणे शस्त्रभृतां वरिष्ठम् / उद्यम्य चापं महदास्थितो रथं सृज्यं च कृत्वा किलमन्स्यराजः
Transliteration
dṛṣṭvā tamitthaṃ praharantamojasā rāmaṃ raṇe śastrabhṛtāṃ variṣṭham / udyamya cāpaṃ mahadāsthito rathaṃ sṛjyaṃ ca kṛtvā kilamansyarājaḥ
Translation
Thấy Rama, bậc tối thượng trong hàng chiến sĩ cầm binh khí, đang đánh mạnh như thế giữa trận, vua Mānasya liền giương cung lớn, lên chiến xa và chuẩn bị phóng tên.
Word by Word
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म/Object of ‘dṛṣṭvā’)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular
itthamthus/in this manner
ittham:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootittham (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (प्रकारवाचक अव्यय)
praharantamstriking/attacking
praharantam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√hṛ (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifying ‘rāmam’
ojasāwith force
ojasā:
Karaṇa (करण/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootojas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd), Singular
rāmamRama
rāmam:
Karma (कर्म/Object of ‘dṛṣṭvā’)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular
raṇein battle
raṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular
śastra-bhṛtāmof the weapon-bearers
śastra-bhṛtām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootśastra (प्रातिपदिक) + bhṛt (√bhṛ धातु + क्त)
FormTatpuruṣa ‘weapon-bearers’; Masculine, Genitive (6th), Plural
variṣṭhamthe best
variṣṭham:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvariṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक; superlative)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; superlative (तमप्) qualifying ‘rāmam’
udyamyahaving raised
udyamya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootud-√yam (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
FormGerund (ल्यप्), indeclinable; ‘having lifted/raised’
cāpambow
cāpam:
Karma (कर्म/Object of ‘udyamya’)
TypeNoun
Rootcāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular
mahatgreat
mahat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifying ‘ratham’ (as ‘mahān rathaḥ’ in sense)
āsthitaḥmounted/standing on
āsthitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; predicate to subject)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√sthā (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormPast participle (क्त) used predicatively; Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ‘having mounted/standing upon’
rathamchariot
ratham:
Karma (कर्म/Object of ‘āsthitaḥ’)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular
sṛjyam(something) to be released/shot
sṛjyam:
Karma (कर्म; object in ‘kṛtvā’)
TypeAdjective
Rootsṛjya (प्रातिपदिक; gerundive from √sṛj)
FormGerundive (तव्यत्/यत् sense), Neuter, Accusative, Singular; ‘to be discharged/shot’ (as arrow/weapon)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)
kṛtvāhaving made/done
kṛtvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
FormGerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable
kilaindeed/it is said
kila:
Nipāta (निपात/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkila (अव्यय)
FormParticle indicating report/emphasis (खलु/किलार्थक अव्यय)
mānsyarājaḥthe king of Mānsya
mānsyarājaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject of implied action)
TypeNoun
Rootmānsya (प्रातिपदिक) + rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (षष्ठी/देश-विशेष) ‘king of Mānsya’; Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular