Brahma Purana — Shiva on Dharma: Nonviolence, Truthful Speech, Mental Discipline, and the Karmic Causes of Heaven and Longevity, Shloka 39
Devanagari script
उमोवाच महान् मे संशयः कश्चिन् मर्त्यान् प्रति महेश्वर तस्मात् त्वं निपुणेनाद्य मम व्याख्यातुम् अर्हसि //
Translation
Câu kệ (39) kết luận rằng người có tín tâm và trí tuệ nên giữ giới và gìn giữ Chánh pháp để tiến đến mục tiêu tối thượng.
Word by Word
umovācaUmā said
umovāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootumā (प्रातिपदिक) + uvāca (√vac (धातु), liṭ)
FormSandhi-combination of subject + verb; uvāca: Liṭ lakāra (Perfect), Prathama puruṣa, Ekavacana, parasmaipada; umā = Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana (implicit)
mahāngreat
mahān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; qualifies saṃśayaḥ
memy
me:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī vibhakti (Genitive, 6th), Ekavacana; enclitic
saṃśayaḥdoubt
saṃśayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
kaścitsome
kaścit:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkaścit (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; indefinite pronoun, qualifies saṃśayaḥ
martyānmortals
martyān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmartya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana
pratitowards / regarding
prati:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprati (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; upasarga/karma-pravacanīya in sense ‘towards/with regard to’ governing accusative
maheśvaraO Maheśvara
maheśvara:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmaheśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Sambodhana, Ekavacana
tasmāttherefore
tasmāt:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative-form used adverbially; Pañcamī (Ablative, 5th), Ekavacana; hetu-artha (therefore/from that reason)
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPrathamā, Ekavacana
nipuṇenaskillfully
nipuṇena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnipuṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (or Napuṃ), Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; karaṇa-bhāva: ‘with skill/skillfully’
adyatoday/now
adya:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadya (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; kāla-avyaya (today/now)
mamato me / my
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī, Ekavacana
vyākhyātumto explain
vyākhyātum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-ā-√khyā (धातु) + tumun (कृदन्त)
FormTumunanta (infinitive)
arhasiyou ought / are fit
arhasi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√arh (धातु)
FormLaṭ lakāra (Present), Madhyama puruṣa (2nd person), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
Speaker
Umā speaking to Śiva