Varṇāśrama-Dharma and the Thirty Qualities of a Human Being
शमो दमस्तप: शौचं सन्तोष: क्षान्तिरार्जवम् । ज्ञानं दयाच्युतात्मत्वं सत्यं च ब्रह्मलक्षणम् ॥ २१ ॥
śamo damas tapaḥ śaucaṁ santoṣaḥ kṣāntir ārjavam jñānaṁ dayācyutātmatvaṁ satyaṁ ca brahma-lakṣaṇam
Dấu hiệu của brāhmaṇa là: chế ngự tâm, chế ngự các giác quan, khổ hạnh, thanh tịnh, tri túc, nhẫn nhục, ngay thẳng, trí tuệ, lòng từ bi, chân thật, và hoàn toàn quy phục Acyuta—Śrī Hari tối thượng.
In the institution of varṇāśrama-dharma, the symptoms of a brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra, brahmacārī, gṛhastha, vānaprastha, and sannyāsī are all described. The ultimate aim is acyutātmatvam — to think always of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, or Viṣṇu. To make advancement in Kṛṣṇa consciousness, one has to become a brāhmaṇa, with the above-mentioned symptoms.
This verse lists the brāhmaṇa’s defining traits: peace, self-control, austerity, cleanliness, contentment, tolerance, simplicity, spiritual knowledge, compassion, devotion to Acyuta (the Lord), and truthfulness.
In this chapter, Shukadeva explains varṇāśrama-dharma—how an ideal society functions through spiritual qualifications—so he outlines the lakṣaṇa (symptoms) of each class, beginning with the brāhmaṇa.
Practice calmness through regular prayer/meditation, regulate habits and senses with discipline, and commit to truthful speech and integrity—supported by compassion and devotion to the Lord as the verse emphasizes.