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Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 5

Rahūgaṇa Meets Jaḍa Bharata: The Shaking Palanquin and the Teaching Beyond Body-Identity

सांसर्गिको दोष एव नूनमेकस्यापि सर्वेषां सांसर्गिकाणां भवितुमर्हतीति निश्चित्य निशम्य कृपणवचो राजा रहूगण उपासितवृद्धोऽपि निसर्गेण बलात्कृत ईषदुत्थितमन्युरविस्पष्टब्रह्मतेजसं जातवेदसमिव रजसाऽऽवृतमतिराह ॥ ५ ॥

sāṁsargiko doṣa eva nūnam ekasyāpi sarveṣāṁ sāṁsargikāṇāṁ bhavitum arhatīti niścitya niśamya kṛpaṇa-vaco rājā rahūgaṇa upāsita-vṛddho ’pi nisargeṇa balāt kṛta īṣad-utthita-manyur avispaṣṭa-brahma-tejasaṁ jāta-vedasam iva rajasāvṛta-matir āha.

Nghe lời trình bày run sợ vì sợ bị phạt của các người khiêng, vua Rahūgaṇa hiểu rằng chỉ do lỗi của một người mà việc khiêng trở nên lệch nhịp. Dẫu biết rõ điều ấy và nghe lời khẩn cầu, nhà vua—tuy tinh thông chính trị và dày kinh nghiệm—vẫn hơi nổi giận theo bản tính vương giả. Tâm trí bị che phủ bởi rajas, ông liền nói với Jaḍa Bharata, người có hào quang Bà-la-môn mờ như lửa bị tro phủ, rằng…

sāṁsargikaḥarising from association/contagious
sāṁsargikaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsāṁsargika (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
doṣaḥfault
doṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdoṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपात
nūnamsurely
nūnam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnūnam (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (surely)
ekasyaof one (person)
ekasya:
Sambandha (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
apieven
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअपि-निपात (even)
sarveṣāmof all
sarveṣām:
Sambandha (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
sāṁsargikāṇāmof those associated
sāṁsargikāṇām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsāṁsargika (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; 'of those connected/associated'
bhavitumto become
bhavitum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (भू धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive): 'to be/become'
arhatiis fit/ought
arhati:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootarh (अर्ह् धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (उक्ति-चिह्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण-अव्यय
niścityahaving concluded
niścitya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootni-ści (श्चि/चि धातु) + ल्यप्
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त अव्यय (gerund): 'having ascertained/decided'
niśamyahaving heard
niśamya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootni-śam (शम् धातु) + ल्यप्
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त अव्यय (gerund): 'having heard'
kṛpaṇa-vacaḥwretched words
kṛpaṇa-vacaḥ:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛpaṇa + vacas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कृपणं वचः
rājāthe king
rājā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
rahūgaṇaḥRahūgaṇa
rahūgaṇaḥ:
Apposition (समानााधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootrahūgaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
upāsita-vṛddhaḥthough an elder who had been served (respected)
upāsita-vṛddhaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootupāsita (upa-ās धातु + kta) + vṛddha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उपासितः वृद्धः (served/attended elder)
apieven though
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअपि-निपात (even though)
nisargeṇaby nature
nisargeṇa:
Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootnisarga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; 'by nature'
balātforcibly
balāt:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपञ्चमी-एकवचनवत् अव्ययीभाव (ablatival adverb): 'forcibly'
kṛtaḥmade (to be)
kṛtaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṛ (कृ धातु) + kta
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'made/caused (to be)'
īṣat-utthita-manyuḥwith slightly aroused anger
īṣat-utthita-manyuḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootīṣat (अव्यय) + utthita (ut-sthā धातु + kta) + manyu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ईषत् उत्थितः मन्युः (slightly arisen anger)
avispaṣṭa-brahma-tejasam(like) one with indistinct brahma-splendor
avispaṣṭa-brahma-tejasam:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeAdjective
Roota-vispaṣṭa + brahma + tejas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'whose brahma-splendor was not clearly manifest' (as object of comparison)
jāta-vedasamAgni (Jātavedas)
jāta-vedasam:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootjāta (jan धातु + kta) + vedas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; जातवेदस् = अग्नि (Agni)
ivalike
iva:
Sambandha (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्यय (like/as)
rajasāby dust
rajasā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootrajas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
āvṛta-matiḥwhose mind was covered (bewildered)
āvṛta-matiḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootāvṛta (ā-vṛ धातु + kta) + mati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; आवृता मतिः यस्य (mind covered)
āhasaid
āha:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootah (अह् धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

The distinction between rajo-guṇa and sattva-guṇa is explained in this verse. Although the King was very upright and advanced in political science and governmental management, he was nonetheless in the mode of passion, and therefore, due to a slight agitation, he became angry. Jaḍa Bharata, despite all kinds of injustice endured because of his deaf and dumb display, remained silent by the strength of his spiritual advancement. Nonetheless his brahma-tejaḥ, his Brahman effulgence, was indistinctly visible in his person.

K
King Rahūgaṇa
J
Jada Bharata (implied, as the carrier being addressed)
P
Palanquin-bearers (Rahūgaṇa’s attendants)

FAQs

This verse shows that a defect born of association can spread—Rahūgaṇa assumes one person’s fault can infect the whole group, illustrating how saṅga shapes perception and behavior.

Hearing the attendants’ pitiable explanation and thinking the carriers were collectively at fault, Rahūgaṇa’s natural pride was provoked; rajas covered his understanding and he spoke in anger.

Be cautious about judging a whole group from one perceived fault, and notice how passion and irritation “cover” clarity—pause before speaking when anger starts to rise.