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Srimad Bhagavatam — Ekadasha Skandha, Shloka 49

Varṇāśrama-dharma as a Path to Bhakti

Yuga-dharma Origins, Universal Virtues, Brahmacarya and Gṛhastha Duties

शूद्रवृत्तिं भजेद् वैश्य: शूद्र: कारुकटक्रियाम् । कृच्छ्रान्मुक्तो न गर्ह्येण वृत्तिं लिप्सेत कर्मणा ॥ ४९ ॥

śūdra-vṛttiṁ bhajed vaiśyaḥ śūdraḥ kāru-kaṭa-kriyām kṛcchrān mukto na garhyeṇa vṛttiṁ lipseta karmaṇā

Một vaiśya nếu không thể tự nuôi sống mình có thể làm nghề của śūdra; còn śūdra nếu không tìm được chủ có thể làm những việc giản dị như đan giỏ, dệt chiếu rơm. Tuy nhiên, khi đã thoát khỏi cảnh khốn khó, mọi người từng tạm làm nghề thấp kém phải từ bỏ nghề thay thế ấy và trở về bổn phận thích hợp; chớ ham mưu sinh bằng việc đáng chê trách.

śūdra-vṛttima śūdra’s livelihood
śūdra-vṛttim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (śūdrasya vṛttiḥ) (accusative singular feminine)
bhajetshould adopt
bhajet:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhaj (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (3rd person singular)
vaiśyaḥa vaiśya
vaiśyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvaiśya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन (nominative singular)
śūdraḥa śūdra
śūdraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन (nominative singular)
kāru-kaṭa-kriyāmartisan and mat-making work (manual crafts)
kāru-kaṭa-kriyām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkāru (प्रातिपदिक) + kaṭa (प्रातिपदिक) + kriyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्वः (kāru-kaṭa-kriyā = artisan-work and mat-making work, as a collective) (accusative singular feminine)
kṛcchrātfrom hardship
kṛcchrāt:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛcchra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन (ablative singular)
muktaḥfreed
muktaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootmuc (धातु) → mukta (कृदन्त; क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (past passive participle used adjectivally: freed)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय (not)
garhyeṇaby blameworthy means
garhyeṇa:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootgarhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन (instrumental singular; ‘by/through blameworthy [means]’)
vṛttimlivelihood
vṛttim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (accusative singular)
lipsetashould desire/seek
lipseta:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootlips (धातु; desiderative of √labh)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (3rd person singular); सन्नन्त/देशिदेरिवेटिव धातु (desiderative)
karmaṇāby work/occupation
karmaṇā:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन (instrumental singular)
K
Krishna
U
Uddhava

FAQs

This verse teaches flexibility in occupations during necessity, but warns that once one is out of hardship, one should not maintain oneself through work that is morally condemned.

In the Uddhava Gita, Krishna summarizes varna-ashrama principles for maintaining society and spiritual progress; here He clarifies what is permissible in distress and what should be avoided when stability returns.

If forced by circumstances, take honest work even outside your usual field, but when you regain stability, avoid unethical income sources and choose a livelihood aligned with integrity and dharma.