Sutra 23

Devanagari script

वाक्पारुष्यमर्थदूषणं दण्डपारुष्यमिति ॥ कZ_०८.३.२३ ॥

Transliteration

vākpāruṣyam arthadūṣaṇaṃ daṇḍapāruṣyam iti

Translation

Giận dữ biểu hiện thành lời nói cay nghiệt, sự bóp méo/làm hỏng phán đoán và chính sách, và sự hà khắc trong trừng phạt (cưỡng bức quá mức).

Word by Word

• वाक्पारुष्यम्: verbal harshness / verbal abuse
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारुष्य (from परुष)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; वाक्- (स्त्री.) + पारुष्य- (नपुं.) = ‘वाचः पारुष्यम्’

• अर्थदूषणम्: impairment/damage of property (wealth)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दूषण (from √दूष् ‘to spoil, corrupt’)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; अर्थ- (पुं.) + दूषण- (नपुं.) = ‘अर्थस्य दूषणम्’

• दण्डपारुष्यम्: harshness by force / physical assault
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारुष्य (from परुष)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; दण्ड- (पुं.) + पारुष्य- (नपुं.) = ‘दण्डस्य पारुष्यम्’

• इति: thus; so (end-quotative)
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: अव्यय; उक्तार्थ-समाप्ति/उद्धरण-चिह्न

Entities Mentioned

• king/sovereign (implied)
• officials/judges/executioners (implied)
• subjects (implied)

More Details

FAQs

What are the three actionable indicators of anger in governance?

Verbal abuse (signals loss of restraint), corrupted judgment/policy (bad decisions), and excessive punishment (coercion that generates hatred and rebellion).