Sutra 21

Devanagari script

ये च कारणादभिक्रुद्धास्तानर्थमानाभ्यां शमयेत् अकारणक्रुद्धांस्तूष्णीं दण्डेन राजद्विष्टकारिणश्च ॥ कZ_०१.११.२१ ॥

Transliteration

ye ca kāraṇād abhikruddhās tān arthamānābhyāṃ śamayet akāraṇakruddhāṃs tūṣṇīṃ daṇḍena rājadvīṣṭakāriṇaś ca

Translation

Những kẻ nổi giận có lý do thì ông ta nên xoa dịu bằng lợi ích và danh dự; còn những kẻ nổi giận vô cớ—thì âm thầm trừng phạt; và cũng như vậy đối với những kẻ hành động như kẻ thù của nhà vua.

Word by Word

• ये: those who
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: sarvanāma; prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; puṃliṅga (contextually ‘those (men)’); relative pronoun

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: samuccaya-nipāta

• कारणात्: for a (valid) reason; with cause
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारण
• Form: pañcamī-vibhakti; ekavacana; napuṃsakaliṅga; apādāna/hetu-artha (‘from/for a reason’)

• अभिक्रुद्धाः: (those) who are enraged
• Type: Participle
• Root: क्रुध्
• Form: kṛdanta; bhūta-kṛdanta (kta/naṣṭa-type sense); prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; puṃliṅga; upasarga: अभि-; ‘having become very angry’

• तान्: them
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: sarvanāma; dvitīyā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; puṃliṅga

• अर्थ: by wealth/benefit (material means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ
• Form: tṛtīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; puṃliṅga; karaṇa (‘by means of wealth/benefit’)

• मानाभ्याम्: and by honour/respect (two means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान
• Form: tṛtīyā-vibhakti; dvivacana; puṃliṅga; karaṇa (‘by honour/respect’)

• शमयेत्: he should pacify
• Type: Verb
• Root: शम्
• Form: laṅ? (actually optative/vidhi-liṅ); parasmaipada; prathama-puruṣa; ekavacana; causative not; ‘should pacify’

• अकारणक्रुद्धान्: those who are angry without cause
• Type: Adjectival compound (Participle-based)
• Root: क्रुध्
• Form: samāsa: अ-कारण + क्रुद्ध; dvitīyā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; puṃliṅga; ‘angry without cause’

• तु: but
• Type: Particle
• Root: तु
• Form: viśeṣa/avadhāraṇa-nipāta (‘but/however’)

• ऊष्णीं: silently; without words
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तूष्णीम्/तूष्णी
• Form: avyaya; manner adverb (‘silently’)

• दण्डेन: by punishment/penal force
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: tṛtīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; puṃliṅga; karaṇa (‘by punishment’)

• राजद्विष्टकारिणः: and those who act as the king’s enemies
• Type: Compound noun (agent)
• Root: कृ
• Form: samāsa: राज-द्विष्ट-कारिन् (‘one who acts as a hater/enemy of the king’); prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; puṃliṅga; agent-noun: कारिन् (< कृ + in)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: samuccaya-nipāta

Entities Mentioned

• king
• disaffected persons
• hostile actors

More Details

FAQs

Why punish ‘without publicity’ (tūṣṇīm)?

Quiet enforcement prevents martyrs, reduces backlash, and keeps the ruler’s image stable while still deterring hostile behavior.