Sutra 4

Devanagari script

त्वं चाहं च मित्रं लभावहे इत्येवं आदिध् समसंधिः ॥ कZ_०७.९.०४ ॥

Transliteration

tvaṃ cāhaṃ ca mitraṃ labhāvahe ityevaṃ ādiḥ samasaṃdhiḥ

Translation

Một hiệp ước mở đầu theo kiểu: “Anh và tôi, cả hai sẽ có được một người bạn” — đó là một liên minh ngang bằng (cân bằng).

Word by Word

• त्वम्: you
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: sarvanāma; prathamā-vibhakti; ekavacana; (m./n. usage as pronoun)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: samuccaya-nipāta (coordinative particle)

• अहम्: I
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: sarvanāma; prathamā-vibhakti; ekavacana

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: samuccaya-nipāta

• मित्रम्: friend; ally
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र
• Form: napuṃsaka; prathamā/ dvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana

• लभावहे: let us two obtain / may we two gain
• Type: Verb
• Root: लभ्
• Form: laṭ-lakāra (present); uttama-puruṣa; dvivacana; ātmanepada (ending -āvahe)

• इति: thus; saying
• Type: Quotative particle
• Root: इति
• Form: vākyānta-nipāta; quotation marker

• एवम्: in this manner
• Type: Adverb
• Root: एवम्
• Form: prakāra-vācaka avyaya

• आदिध्: he established / he laid down
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-धा
• Form: luṅ-lakāra (aorist); prathama-puruṣa; ekavacana; parasmaipada; (irregular/contracted form; sense: ‘he established/laid down’)

• समसन्धिः: an equal alliance/treaty
• Type: Noun
• Root: समा-सन्धि
• Form: puṃliṅga; prathamā-vibhakti; ekavacana; compound: समः + सन्धिः

Entities Mentioned

• ally (mitra)

More Details

FAQs

Why does Kauṭilya classify this as an 'equal alliance'?

Because the stated benefit is symmetric: both parties explicitly claim the same gain (acquiring an ally), implying parity in advantage and obligation.