Sutra 4

Devanagari script

नियोगविकल्पसमुच्चयैश्चोपायानामनन्तरैकान्तराः प्रकृतीः साधयेत् ॥ कZ_०७.१६.०४ ॥

Transliteration

niyogavikalpasamuccayaiś copāyānām anantaraikāntarāḥ prakṛtīḥ sādhayet

Translation

Bằng cách chỉ đạo, luân phiên và kết hợp các biện pháp (upāya), ông ta nên củng cố các yếu tố cấu thành (prakṛti) theo trình tự liền kề hoặc theo từng quãng, tùy thích hợp.

Word by Word

• नियोग: assignment; appointment; command
• Type: Noun
• Root: नि + युज् (युजिर् योगे)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया/तृतीया/चतुर्थी/पञ्चमी/षष्ठी/सप्तमी एकवचन (प्रातिपदिक: नियोग) — here as first member in compound

• विकल्प: alternative; option
• Type: Noun
• Root: वि + कल्प् (कल्पॢँ वृत्तौ/कल्पने)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रातिपदिक: विकल्प — here as member of compound

• समुच्चयैः: by combinations; by cumulative use
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम् + उच्/उच्चि (समुच्चय as noun from सम्+उच् ‘to gather’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया बहुवचन (instrumental plural)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

• उपायानाम्: of the measures/means
• Type: Noun
• Root: उप + इ (इण् गतौ) → उपाय (means)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी बहुवचन (genitive plural)

• अनन्तर: immediate; successive
• Type: Adjective (used in compound)
• Root: अनन्तर (न + अन्तर)
• Form: प्रातिपदिक; ‘immediate/without interval’ — here as first member in compound

• एकान्तराः: alternating; with one interval (every other)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक + अन्तर
• Form: बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-समासान्त विशेषण-प्रयोग; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘having one interval/with one gap’

• प्रकृतीः: the constituents (of the state)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र + कृ (डुकृञ् करणे) → प्रकृति
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचन (accusative plural)

• साधयेत्: should accomplish; should bring about
• Type: Verb
• Root: साध् (साधँ संसिद्धौ)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन

Entities Mentioned

• prakṛtis (state elements)

More Details

FAQs

What are 'prakṛtis' in Arthashastra governance logic?

Core state constituents (e.g., ruler, ministers, territory/people, fort, treasury, army, ally) whose stability determines state power.

What does this sutra teach about implementation?

Use instruments flexibly—sometimes sequentially, sometimes alternately, sometimes in combination—based on situational feedback.