Sutra 32

Devanagari script

पण्योपघाते चैषामनुग्रहं कुर्यात् ॥ कZ_०४.२.३२ ॥

Transliteration

paṇyopaghāte caiṣām anugrahaṃ kuryāt

Translation

Và khi hàng hóa của họ bị hư hại hoặc thất lạc do sự cố, thì nên dành cho họ sự cứu trợ/hỗ trợ.

Word by Word

• पण्योपघाते: in the case of damage/impairment to merchandise
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्य; उपघात
• Form: पण्य-उपघात- (पुं); एकवचन; सप्तमी; (अधिकरण)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• एषाम्: of these (persons/parties)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: षष्ठी; बहुवचन; (सम्बन्ध)

• अनुग्रहम्: assistance / relief / favorable consideration
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुग्रह
• Form: पुं; एकवचन; द्वितीया; (कर्म)

• कुर्यात्: should grant / should do
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; (कर्तरि)

Entities Mentioned

• merchants
• state authority (implied)

More Details

FAQs

Why provide relief to merchants if the state is also strict?

Kauṭilya pairs strict anti-hoarding/anti-profiteering controls with supportive measures that keep commerce viable and supplies steady.

What is the intended state outcome?

Sustained market functioning: merchants remain solvent and goods continue to circulate despite shocks.