Sutra 29

Devanagari script

ततः परमर्घं वर्धयतां क्रये विक्रये वा भावयतां पणशते पञ्चपणाद्द्विशतो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.२.२९ ॥

Transliteration

tataḥ param arghaṃ vardhayatāṃ kraye vikraye vā bhāvayatāṃ paṇaśate pañcapaṇād dviśato daṇḍaḥ

Translation

Vượt quá mức biên cho phép, ai nâng giá—dù bằng cách thao túng việc mua hay bán—thì cứ mỗi 100 paṇa liên quan sẽ bị phạt từ 5 đến 200 paṇa.

Word by Word

• ततः: thereafter; then
• Type: Pronoun (Adverbial)
• Root: तद्
• Form: ablative singular (used adverbially)

• परम्: further; next; beyond that
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially)
• Root: पर
• Form: accusative singular neuter (adverbial: 'further/next')

• अर्घम्: price; valuation
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्घ
• Form: accusative singular masculine/neuter (object)

• वर्धयताम्: let the two (parties) increase/raise
• Type: Verb
• Root: वर्ध्
• Form: present active imperative, 3rd person dual (लोट्, परस्मैपद)

• क्रये: in buying; in purchase
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रय
• Form: locative singular masculine

• विक्रये: in selling; in sale
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्रय
• Form: locative singular masculine

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: disjunctive indeclinable

• भावयताम्: let the two (parties) state/declare (a price); let them appraise
• Type: Verb
• Root: भावय् (causative of भू)
• Form: present active imperative, 3rd person dual (लोट्, परस्मैपद)

• पणशते: at (the level of) a hundred paṇas
• Type: Noun (numeral compound)
• Root: पणशत
• Form: locative singular neuter (amount-range context)

• पञ्चपणात्: from five paṇas
• Type: Noun (numeral compound)
• Root: पञ्चपण
• Form: ablative singular masculine/neuter (starting point: 'from')

• द्विशतः: (up to) two hundred (paṇas)
• Type: Noun (numeral compound)
• Root: द्विशत
• Form: ablative singular neuter (upper bound: 'up to/from two hundred' depending on construction)

• दण्डः: the fine/penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: nominative singular masculine (predicate)

Entities Mentioned

• merchants
• price manipulators

More Details

FAQs

What behavior is penalized?

Raising prices beyond the allowed margin by manipulating either procurement (purchase-side) or retail (sale-side) valuation.

What is the administrative technique used?

A scalable (per-100) penalty schedule that can be increased with severity.