Sutra 23

Devanagari script

बहिर्ग्रामस्य प्रकृतायां मिथ्याभिशंसने च द्विगुणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.१२.२३ ॥

Transliteration

bahirgrāmasya prakṛtāyāṃ mithyābhiśaṃsane ca dviguṇo daṇḍaḥ

Translation

Khi hành vi xảy ra ngoài làng, và cả trong trường hợp tố cáo sai, mức phạt bị tăng gấp đôi.

Word by Word

• बहिः: outside
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बहिस्
• Form: अव्यय; स्थानवाचक (outside)

• ग्रामस्य: of the village
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन (genitive singular)

• प्रकृतायाम्: in the case of a respectable/ordinary woman
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रकृति
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (locative singular)

• मिथ्या: falsely
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मिथ्या
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (falsely)

• अभिशंसने: in (the act/case of) accusation/denunciation
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: अभि-शंस्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (locative singular); भाववाचक-संज्ञा (act of accusing/denouncing)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक (and)

• द्विगुणः: double
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि-गुण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying दण्डः)

• दण्डः: the penalty (fine/punishment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (nominative singular)

Entities Mentioned

• offender/accuser (context-dependent)
• village jurisdiction
• state

More Details

FAQs

Why would ‘outside the village’ trigger a doubled fine?

Acts outside settled oversight increase vulnerability and reduce community protection/witnessing; the state compensates with higher deterrence.

How does the text treat false accusation procedurally?

As a serious abuse warranting enhanced penalty, protecting judicial integrity and preventing harassment through litigation.