Sutra 30

Devanagari script

त एव द्विगुणा दण्डाः कार्या राजवनेषु च ॥ कZ_०३.१९.३०च्द् ॥

Transliteration

ta eva dviguṇā daṇḍāḥ kāryā rājavaneṣu ca ||

Translation

Chính những hình phạt ấy phải được tăng gấp đôi trong các khu rừng (và lùm cây) của nhà vua.

Word by Word

• ते: those (same ones)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: sarvanāma-prātipadika; prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; puṃliṅga (contextually ‘daṇḍāḥ’ understood)

• एव: indeed; just; exactly
• Type: Particle
• Root: एव
• Form: nipāta; emphasis/limitation

• द्विगुणाः: twofold; doubled
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि + गुण
• Form: prātipadika ‘dviguṇa’; prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; puṃliṅga; agrees with ‘daṇḍāḥ’

• दण्डाः: punishments; penalties; fines
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: prātipadika; prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; puṃliṅga

• कार्याः: should be imposed; are to be applied
• Type: Verbal adjective (Gerundive)
• Root: कृ
• Form: kṛtya (gerundive) from √kṛ; prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; puṃliṅga; passive obligation: ‘are to be made/imposed’

• राजवनेषु: in the king’s forests; in royal forests
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् + वन
• Form: prātipadika ‘rājavana’ (king’s forest); saptamī-vibhakti; bahuvacana; napuṃsakaliṅga

• च: and; also
• Type: Conjunction
• Root: च
• Form: avyaya; samuccaya

Entities Mentioned

• royal forests
• state authority
• offender

More Details

FAQs

What is the political rationale for doubling penalties in royal forests?

Royal forests are strategic state assets (timber, elephants/game, revenue); higher penalties internalize the public cost of depletion and signal sovereign ownership.