Mantra 4
Rishi: Ṛgvedic provenance (Vishṇu hymn-complex)
Devata: Viṣṇu (with Indra as associated figure)
Chandas: Gāyatrī (as in the well-known Ṛgvedic triad RV 1.22.18ff)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
विष्णो॒: कर्मा॑णि पश्यत॒ यतो॑ व्र॒तानि॑ पस्प॒शे । इन्द्र॑स्य॒ युज्य॒: सखा॑
Transliteration
víṣṇoḥ kármāṇi paśyata yáto vratā́ni paspaśé | índrasya yújyaḥ sákhā
Translation
Behold ye the deeds of Vishṇu, whereby he hath watched over the sacred ordinances—he, the meetly-yoked companion, the friend of Indra.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
विष्णोः॑ । कर्मा॑णि । पश्यत॑ । यतः॑ । व्र॒तानि॑ । प॒स्प॒शे । इन्द्र॑स्य । युज्यः॑ । सखा॑
Word by Word
विष्णोःof Viṣṇu
विष्णोः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootविष्णु
कर्माणिdeeds, actions
कर्माणि:
कर्म (of ‘पश्यत’)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
पश्यतsee (you all), behold
पश्यत:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√पश् (दृश्-अर्थे)
यतःfrom which; whence
यतः:
अपादान (source) / हेतु
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतस्
व्रतानिvows, ordinances
व्रतानि:
कर्म (of ‘पस्पशे’)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
पस्पशेhas beheld/observed
पस्पशे:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√स्पश् (दर्शने/निरीक्षणे)
इन्द्रस्यof Indra
इन्द्रस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र
युज्यःfit to be yoked/associated; allied
युज्यः:
विशेषण (of ‘सखा’) / कर्तृ-सम्बन्ध
TypeAdjective
Rootयुज्य (युज्-धातु से निष्पन्न विशेषण; ‘युज्’ = योजने)
सखाfriend, companion
सखा:
कर्ता (implied: ‘(he) is a friend…’)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि
Entities Mentioned
V
ViṣṇuI
IndraRitual Context
Viniyoga (Ritual Application)
Commentary Summary
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes