Rig Veda 8.31.3: Mandala 8, Sukta 31, Mantra 3
Sukta 8.31
Devata: Dual/divine helpers implied; likely Aśvinau context in this sukta-section (paired beneficent powers), with general deva-impulsion emphasized
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तस्य द्युमाँ असद्रथो देवजूतः स शूशुवत् । विश्वा वन्वन्नमित्रिया ॥
Transliteration
tásya dyu-mā́m ásad rátho deva-jū́taḥ sá śū́śuvat | víśvā́ vánvann amitríyā ||
Translation
اس کے لیے روشن رتھ، دیوتاؤں کی ہدایت سے، بیٹھ گیا ہے؛ وہ آگے بڑھتا ہے، روشنی کی مخالفت کرنے والی تمام دشمن طاقتوں پر فتح پاتا ہے۔
Word by Word
तस्यof him/its
तस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → तस्य
द्युमान्splendid, radiant
द्युमान्:
विशेषण (of रथः)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्युमन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; द्युत्/द्युम् ‘splendour’)
असत्was / came to be
असत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू-सत्तायाम्)
रथःchariot
रथः:
कर्तृ (of असत्)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
देवजूतःgod-impelled, driven by the gods
देवजूतः:
विशेषण (of रथः)
TypeAdjective (past participial)
Rootदेवजूत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; देव + √जु/जव् ‘to impel/drive’ → ‘impelled by the gods’)
सःhe
सः:
कर्तृ (of शूशुवत्)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → सः
शूशुवत्grew strong / became vigorous
शूशुवत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√शु/श्वि (वर्धने/प्रवृद्धौ; ‘to grow strong, to thrive’)
विश्वान्all (of them)
विश्वान्:
कर्म (of वन्वन्)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
वन्वन्conquering, winning
वन्वन्:
कर्तृ (agent-participle; concomitant action)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√वन् (वनने ‘to win, to conquer’)
अमित्रियाhostilities / hostile (forces)
अमित्रिया:
कर्म/विषय (object/target of conquering)
TypeNoun/Adjective (collective/abstract in Vedic usage)
Rootअमित्रिय (प्रातिपदिक; अमित्र ‘enemy’ + -इय/-य suffix; ‘hostile/enemy-like’)
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