Rig Veda 8.31.3 — Mandala 8, Sukta 31, Mantra 3

Sukta 8.31

Devata: Dual/divine helpers implied; likely Aśvinau context in this sukta-section (paired beneficent powers), with general deva-impulsion emphasized

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तस्य द्युमाँ असद्रथो देवजूतः स शूशुवत् । विश्वा वन्वन्नमित्रिया ॥

Transliteration

tásya dyu-mā́m ásad rátho deva-jū́taḥ sá śū́śuvat | víśvā́ vánvann amitríyā ||

Translation

For him the radiant chariot, impelled by the gods, has taken its seat; it presses forward, conquering all the hostile powers that oppose the Light.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of him/its
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → तस्य

• द्युमान्: splendid, radiant
• द्युमान्: विशेषण (of रथः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्युमन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; द्युत्/द्युम् ‘splendour’)

• असत्: was / came to be
• असत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भू-सत्तायाम्)

• रथः: chariot
• रथः: कर्तृ (of असत्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवजूतः: god-impelled, driven by the gods
• देवजूतः: विशेषण (of रथः)
• Type: Adjective (past participial)
• Root: देवजूत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; देव + √जु/जव् ‘to impel/drive’ → ‘impelled by the gods’)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ (of शूशुवत्)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → सः

• शूशुवत्: grew strong / became vigorous
• शूशुवत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शु/श्वि (वर्धने/प्रवृद्धौ; ‘to grow strong, to thrive’)

• विश्वान्: all (of them)
• विश्वान्: कर्म (of वन्वन्)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• वन्वन्: conquering, winning
• वन्वन्: कर्तृ (agent-participle; concomitant action)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √वन् (वनने ‘to win, to conquer’)

• अमित्रिया: hostilities / hostile (forces)
• अमित्रिया: कर्म/विषय (object/target of conquering)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (collective/abstract in Vedic usage)
• Root: अमित्रिय (प्रातिपदिक; अमित्र ‘enemy’ + -इय/-य suffix; ‘hostile/enemy-like’)