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Rig Veda 5.42.12: Mandala 5, Sukta 42, Mantra 12

Sukta 5.42

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) — traditional attribution for RV 5.42
Devata: Sarasvatī; river-goddesses/patnīs; Bṛhaddivā; Rākā
Chandas: Triṣṭubh

दमूनसो अपसो ये सुहस्ता वृष्णः पत्नीर्नद्यो विभ्वतष्टाः । सरस्वती बृहद्दिवोत राका दशस्यन्तीर्वरिवस्यन्तु शुभ्राः ॥

damū́naso apáso yé suhástā vṛ́ṣṇaḥ pátnīr nádyo vibhvatáṣṭāḥ | sárasvatī bṛhaddívota rākā́ daśasyántīr varivasyantu śubhrā́ḥ ||

May the house-lords, the active powers with good hands— the rivers, consorts of the mighty—well-fashioned, bring us widening. Sarasvatī, and Bṛhaddivā, and also Rākā, the bright goddesses who serve and cherish, may they grant us spaciousness and right felicity.

दमूनसःthe house-dwelling (ones), domestic (deities)
दमूनसः:
Kartā (समूह-कर्तृ)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootदमूनस् (प्रातिपदिक; दम्/दम् ‘गृह’ + ऊनस् ‘निवास’ इति बहुव्रीहिः) अथवा ‘गृहस्थ/गृहवासी’ अर्थे स्थिर-प्रातिपदिकम्
अपसःworks, deeds, ritual acts
अपसः:
Kartā (दमूनसः इत्यस्य विशेषण-सम्बन्धः) अथवा विशेष्य-रूपेण
TypeNoun
Rootअपस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘कर्म/कार्य/कृत्य’
येwho
ये:
Kartā (सम्बन्ध-प्रदर्शकः; ‘ये …’ = ‘who …’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सुहस्ताःhaving good hands; skilful
सुहस्ताः:
Kartā (ये इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-हस्त (प्रातिपदिक; उपसर्ग ‘सु’ + हस्त)
वृष्णःof the mighty one (Vr̥ṣan)
वृष्णः:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः) — ‘of the mighty one’
TypeNoun
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘वृषभ/वीर/बलवान्’
पत्नीःwives
पत्नीः:
Karma (विभ्वतष्टाः इत्यस्य कर्म; ‘fashioned/formed the wives’)
TypeNoun
Rootपत्नी (प्रातिपदिक)
नद्यःrivers
नद्यः:
Kartā (विभ्वतष्टाः इत्यस्य कर्तृ; ‘the rivers fashioned…’)
TypeNoun
Rootनदी (प्रातिपदिक)
विभ्वतष्टाःwidely/skillfully fashioned (formed)
विभ्वतष्टाः:
Kartā-विशेषणम् (कर्तृ-विशेषणरूपेण क्रियाविशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple (verbal adjective)
Root√तक्ष् (तक्षति) ‘to fashion, form’ + वि- (उपसर्ग); कृत्: तष्ट (भूतकृदन्त) + विभ्वत् (वैदिक-विशेषण ‘व्यापक/महान्’)
सरस्वतीSarasvatī
सरस्वती:
Kartā (वरिवस्यन्तु इत्यस्य कर्तृ-समूहस्य अङ्गम्)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootसरस्वती (प्रातिपदिक; नदी-देवी)
बृहद्दिवःof the great heaven; great-skyed
बृहद्दिवः:
Kartā-विशेषणम्
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootबृहद्-दिव् (समास; बृहद् ‘great’ + दिव् ‘sky/day’)
उतand, also
उत:
— (समुच्चय/अन्वय-निपातः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (निपात)
राकाRākā (goddess of fullness/prosperity)
राका:
Kartā (वरिवस्यन्तु इत्यस्य कर्तृ-समूहस्य अङ्गम्)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootराका (प्रातिपदिक; देवी—पूर्णिमा/समृद्धि)
दशस्यन्तीःshowing favour; being gracious
दशस्यन्तीः:
Karma-विशेषणम् (याः … वरिवस्यन्तु—ताः ‘favouring’)
TypeParticiple (present active)
Root√दशस्/दशस्य (वैदिक धातु) ‘to show favour, to be gracious’ (इच्छार्थ/सेवार्थ) ; शतृ-प्रत्ययः
वरिवस्यन्तुmay they favour / grant aid
वरिवस्यन्तु:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वरिवस् (वैदिक) ‘to give room/aid, to favour, to grant protection’
शुभ्राःthe bright/pure (goddesses)
शुभ्राः:
Kartā (वरिवस्यन्तु इत्यस्य कर्तृ)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootशुभ्र (प्रातिपदिक) ‘bright, pure’

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