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Rig Veda 3.18.1: Mandala 3, Sukta 18, Mantra 1

Sukta 3.18

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Tr̥ṣṭubh (likely)

भवा नो अग्ने सुमना उपेतौ सखेव सख्ये पितरेव साधुः । पुरुद्रुहो हि क्षितयो जनानां प्रति प्रतीचीर्दहतादरातीः ॥

bhávā no agne sumánā upétau sákhāiva sákhye pitaréva sādhúḥ | purudrúho hí kṣitáyo jánānāṃ práti pratīcī́r dahatād árātīḥ ||

Be for us, O Agni, a happy-minded presence when you come near—like a friend in friendship, like a father, a true helper. For many are the hostile powers among the habitations of men; burn back the returning attacks, the forces of ill-will.

भवbe; become
भव:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
नःfor us; of us
नः:
सम्प्रदान (हितार्थे) / सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)
सुमनाःkindly; benevolent
सुमनाः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसु- + मनस्- (प्रातिपदिक) → सुमनस्-/सुमनाः
उपnear; towards
उप:
(क्रियाविशेषण/उपसर्गार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
इतौwhen approached/arrived near; in (your) coming near
इतौ:
अधिकरण (आगमन-स्थित्यर्थ) / सम्बोधन-विशेषण
TypeKṛdanta (verbal adjective)
Rootइ (धातु) → इत- (कृदन्त) / इता- (गन्ता) आधार
सखेवlike a friend
सखेव:
उपमान (उपमेय: अग्नि)
TypeNoun + Indeclinable
Rootसखि- (प्रातिपदिक) + इव (अव्यय)
सख्येin friendship
सख्ये:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootसख्य- (प्रातिपदिक)
पितरेवlike a father
पितरेव:
उपमान
TypeNoun + Indeclinable
Rootपितृ- (प्रातिपदिक) + इव (अव्यय)
साधुःgood; beneficent
साधुः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसाधु- (प्रातिपदिक)
पुरुद्रुहःmuch-harming; often-hostile
पुरुद्रुहः:
कर्तृ (उपपद-विशेषण: ‘क्षितयः’)
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरु- (अव्यय/पूर्वपद) + द्रुह् (धातु) → द्रुह्/द्रुह- (प्रातिपदिक) बहुव्रीहि
हिfor; indeed
हि:
(सम्बन्ध/हेतुनिपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
क्षितयःdwellings; settlements; peoples
क्षितयः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootक्षिति- (प्रातिपदिक)
जनानाम्of men; of peoples
जनानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootजन- (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रतिagainst; towards
प्रति:
(क्रियाविशेषण/दिशा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
प्रतीचीःturned back; opposing; facing (us)
प्रतीचीः:
कर्म (विशेषण: ‘अरा॑तीः’)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतीच्- (प्रातिपदिक)
दहतात्let him burn
दहतात्:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदह् (धातु)
अरा॑तीःhostilities; harms; enemies’ malice
अरा॑तीः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअराति- (प्रातिपदिक)

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