Rig Veda 10.12.7: Mandala 10, Sukta 12, Mantra 7

Sukta 10.12

Devata: Sūrya/Vivasvat (solar consciousness) and the collective Devāḥ establishing cosmic order.

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires verification).

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यस्मिन्देवा विदथे मादयन्ते विवस्वतः सदने धारयन्ते । सूर्ये ज्योतिरदधुर्मास्यक्तून्परि द्योतनिं चरतो अजस्रा ॥

Transliteration

yásmin devā́ vidáthe mā́dayante vivásvataḥ sádane dhāráyante | sū́rye jyótir ádadhur mā́si aktū́n pári dyotaníṃ cárato ájasrā ||

Translation

In that seat where the gods rejoice in the inspired assembly, they uphold the dwelling of Vivasvat. In the Sun they set the Light; through the months they arrange the nights, and the unfailing pair move around the shining path—establishing the rhythmic order of time for the soul’s growth.

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Word by Word

• यस्मिन्: in which (in whom/wherein)
• यस्मिन्: अधिकारण
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → यस्-

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• विदथे: at the rite/assembly (vidatha)
• विदथे: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• मादयन्ते: they rejoice / become exhilarated
• मादयन्ते: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: मद् (धातु) [मादयति = caus.]

• विवस्वतः: of Vivasvat (the shining one; Sun)
• विवस्वतः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: विवस्वत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सदने: in the seat/dwelling
• सदने: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदन (प्रातिपदिक)

• धारयन्ते: they uphold / maintain
• धारयन्ते: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ (धातु) [धारयति = caus.]

• सूर्ये: in the Sun
• सूर्ये: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• ज्योतिः: light
• ज्योतिः: कर्म (with अदधुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अदधुः: they placed / set
• अदधुः: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा (धातु)

• मासि: in the month
• मासि: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)

• अक्तून्: nights / dark periods
• अक्तून्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्तु (प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• द्योतनिम्: the shining/illumination
• द्योतनिम्: कर्म (with चरतो)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्योतनिः (प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)

• चरतो: the two move / go
• चरतो: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर् (धातु)

• अजस्रा: unceasing (two, f.)
• अजस्रा: कर्तृ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजस्र (प्रातिपदिक)