Rig Veda 10.12.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 12, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.12

Devata: Apas (Waters), Dyāvā-Pṛthivī (Heaven & Earth), Rodasī (the Two Worlds); with an invoked support of the ‘Two Fathers’ (pitarā).

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 10.12; requires metrical verification per pada count).

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अर्चामि वां वर्धायापो घृतस्नू द्यावाभूमी शृणुतं रोदसी मे । अहा यद्द्यावोऽसुनीतिमयन्मध्वा नो अत्र पितरा शिशीताम् ॥

Transliteration

arcā́mi vāṃ vardhā́yāpo ghṛtasnū́ dyā́vābhūmī śṛṇutáṃ rodasī me | ahā́ yád dyā́vo 'sú-nītim áyan mádhvā no átra pitarā́ śiśītām ||

Translation

I chant to you for your increase—O Waters that stream with the clarified light, O Heaven-and-Earth, hear my call, O two Worlds. When the luminous heavens bring the leading of the life-breath, then here may the two Fathers sharpen for us the sweetness—may they make our inner offering keen and effective.

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Word by Word

• अर्चामि: I praise / I sing
• अर्चामि: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्च् (अर्चति)

• वाम्: you two
• वाम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक: वाम्)

• वर्धाय: for strengthening / for increase
• वर्धाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ध (प्रातिपदिक: वर्धा-)

• आपः: the Waters
• आपः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक: आप्-)

• घृतस्नूः: ghee-oozing / butter-streaming
• घृतस्नूः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घृतस्नु- (घृत + स्नू ‘oozing/flowing’)

• द्यावाभूमी: Heaven and Earth
• द्यावाभूमी: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यावा- + भूमी (द्वन्द्व)

• शृणुतम्: hear (you two)!
• शृणुतम्: (मुख्यक्रिया) Kartā-आह्वान
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (शृणोति)

• रोदसी: the two worlds
• रोदसी: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोदसी (द्वन्द्व-प्रातिपदिक: ‘heaven & earth/ two worlds’)

• मे: of me / to me
• मे: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक: मे)

• अहा: (on) the two days / day-pairs
• अहा: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक: अहा-)

• यत्: when / that which
• यत्: (सम्बन्धसूचक)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्

• द्यावः: the heavens
• द्यावः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक: द्याव्-)

• असुनीतिम्: the bringing of life(-breath) / enlivening guidance
• असुनीतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: असु-नीति- (असु ‘life-breath’ + नीति ‘leading/bringing’)

• अयन्: they went / they set in motion
• अयन्: (मुख्यक्रिया) Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (अयति/एति; Vedic injunctive/aorist form)

• मध्वा: with sweetness / with honey (mead)
• मध्वा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (instr. मध्वा)

• नः: for us / of us
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक: नः)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र

• पितरा: the two Fathers
• पितरा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक: पितर्-)

• शिशीताम्: let them two sharpen / make keen
• शिशीताम्: (मुख्यक्रिया) Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: शि/श्या? → शिशी (शिश्यति/शिशीति ‘to sharpen, whet, make keen’; reduplicated perfect/imperative in Vedic)