Rig Veda 10.102.3 — Mandala 10, Sukta 102, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.102

Rishi: Mudgala (traditional attribution for RV 10.102; hymn associated with Mudgala–Mudgalānī narrative)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (predominant meter in RV 10.102)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अन्तर्यच्छ जिघांसतो वज्रमिन्द्राभिदासतः । दासस्य वा मघवन्नार्यस्य वा सनुतर्यवया वधम् ॥

Transliteration

antaryáccha jighā́ṃsato vájram indrābhidā́sataḥ | dā́sasya vā maghavann ā́ryasya vā sanutár yavaya vadhám ||

Translation

O Indra, holder of plenitude, restrain within the thunderbolt of the assailing will-to-harm; drive far away the stroke—whether it rises from the dark obstructer or even from the outwardly noble force—so that the seeker may pass beyond and be safe.

Word by Word

• अन्तर्: within, inwardly
• अन्तर्: Adhikaraṇa (स्थान/अन्तः) / क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तर् (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *h₁enter ‘within’

• यच्छ: restrain! hold back!
• यच्छ: (मुख्य क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: यम् (धातु) ‘to restrain, hold back’

• जिघांसतः: of the one desiring to kill
• जिघांसतः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of the would-be slayer’
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: हन् (धातु) ‘to strike/kill’ (desiderative: जिघांस-)

• वज्रम्: the thunderbolt
• वज्रम्: Karma (यच्छ—कर्म) / ‘hold back the thunderbolt’
• Type: Noun
• Root: वज्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन (आह्वान)
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभिदासतः: of the assailing (hostile) one
• अभिदासतः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — qualifying the enemy
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: अभि-दस् (धातु/प्रातिपदिक-आधार) ‘to harm/assail’ (with अभि) → ‘assailing/hostile’

• दासस्य: of the Dāsa (enemy)
• दासस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of the Dāsa’
• Type: Noun
• Root: दास (प्रातिपदिक)

• वा: or
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)

• मघवन्: O bountiful one
• मघवन्: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun/Adjective (vocative)
• Root: मघवन् (प्रातिपदिक; इन्द्र-विशेषण)

• आर्यस्य: of the Ārya
• आर्यस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of the Ārya’
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: आर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• वा: or
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)

• सनुतर्य: still further; from afar/long since (intensively)
• सनुतर्य: क्रियाविशेषण (रीति/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सनुतर्य (अव्यय; comparative/extended form from सनु ‘from of old, away’)

• अवयाः: warding off; driving away
• अवयाः: Kartā-विशेषण (इन्द्रस्य/आदेशस्य) / manner of action
• Type: Verb (participle/adjectival)
• Root: अव (धातु/उपसर्ग) + या (धातु ‘to go’) → अवया (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-आधार) ‘going down/away; removing’

• वधम्: the slaying; the blow (death)
• वधम्: Karma (अवयाः—कर्म) / object of warding off
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध (प्रातिपदिक)