Rig Veda 1.42.4 — Mandala 1, Sukta 42, Mantra 4

Sukta 1.42

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional attribution for RV 1.42)

Devata: Pūṣan

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

त्वं तस्य द्वयाविनोऽघशंसस्य कस्य चित् । पदाभि तिष्ठ तपुषिम् ॥

Transliteration

tváṃ tásya dvayāvíno’gha-saṃsásya kásya cit | padā́bhi tíṣṭha tápuṣim ||

Translation

Thou—against that double-dealing one, whoever he be, the ill-speaker who calls misfortune—stand over him with thy step; press down his burning force (and make it powerless).

Word by Word

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• तस्य: of that (one)
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• द्वयाविनः: of the double-dealer / twofold one
• द्वयाविनः: सम्बन्ध (genitive dependent on तस्य)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun-like
• Root: द्वयाविन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘having a double/dual nature; double-dealing’)

• अघशंसस्य: of the evil-tongued / slanderer
• अघशंसस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive dependent on तस्य)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अघशंस (प्रातिपदिक; ‘evil-speaking, slanderous’)

• कस्य: of whom
• कस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Interrogative pronoun
• Root: क (किम्-प्रश्नसर्वनाम)

• चित्: even; indeed; at all
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable particle
• Root: चित् (निपात/अव्यय; enclitic)

• पदाभिः: with (your) feet/steps
• पदाभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)

• तिष्ठ: stand; step upon
• तिष्ठ: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु) → तिष्ठ (लोट्-आदेश)

• तपुषिम्: the burning heat / scorching (power)
• तपुषिम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपुषि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘burning heat; scorching/fiery (thing)’)