Rig Veda 1.30.18: Mandala 1, Sukta 30, Mantra 18

Sukta 1.30

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional attribution for RV 1.30)

Devata: Aśvins

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī (uncertain; verify)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

समानयोजनो हि वां रथो दस्रावमर्त्यः । समुद्रे अश्विनेयते ॥

Transliteration

samānáyojano hí vāṃ rátho dasrāv ámartyaḥ | samudré aśvinā ī́yate ||

Translation

For your chariot, O wondrous ones, is yoked in one and the same harmony—deathless; it moves in the ocean of being, O Aśvins, advancing in its vastness.

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Word by Word

• समान: same, common
• समान: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तृपदस्य)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समान (प्रातिपदिक) < सम् + √अन्/अन् (PIE *sem- ‘one, same’)

• योजनः: yoking, harnessing; arrangement
• योजनः: Kartā (रथस्य विशेषण/उपपद-भावः: ‘having the same yoking/arrangement’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योजन (प्रातिपदिक) < √युज् ‘to yoke, join’

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• वाम्: of you two (you both)
• वाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• रथः: chariot
• रथः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• दस्रौ: O Wonder-working (Aśvins), you two
• दस्रौ: Kartā (सम्बोधन/कर्तृ-सङ्गति: ‘O Aśvins’)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: दस्र (प्रातिपदिक; अश्विनोः विशेषणम् ‘wonder-working’)

• अमर्त्यः: immortal
• अमर्त्यः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक) < अ- + मर्त्य

• समुद्रे: in the sea, in the ocean
• समुद्रे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र (प्रातिपदिक) < सम् + उद् + √दृ/दॄ ‘to flow/stream’ (व्युत्पत्त्यनुसारम्)

• अश्विनेयते: goes/comes to the Aśvins; is directed to the Aśvins
• अश्विनेयते: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इ (एति) ‘to go’ + उपसर्ग/नामधातु-भावः: अश्विन्- (अश्विनौ) → अश्विनेय (अश्विनौ प्रति/अश्विन-सम्बद्धः) + ति/ते