Rig Veda 1.162.19 — Mandala 1, Sukta 162, Mantra 19

Sukta 1.162

Rishi: Dīrghatamas Āucathya (traditional)

Devata: Tvaṣṭṛ (Fashioner) and Agni (Transformer); Aśva as formed offering

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (verse-level verification recommended)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एकस्त्वष्टुरश्वस्या विशस्ता द्वा यन्तारा भवतस्तथ ऋतुः । या ते गात्राणामृतुथा कृणोमि ताता पिण्डानां प्र जुहोम्यग्नौ ॥

Transliteration

ékás tváṣṭur áśvasya vi-śastā́ dvā́ yantā́rā bhavatas táthā ṛtúḥ | yā́ te gā́trāṇām ṛtu-thā́ kṛṇómi tā́tā piṇḍā́nāṃ prá juhomy agnáu ||

Translation

One is the apportioner for Tvaṣṭṛ’s steed; two are they who guide and restrain it—so too is the right season and law. Whatever distribution of thy limbs I make according to the true measure, those portions of the masses I cast forward into Agni.

Word by Word

• एकः: one
• एकः: Kartā (सम्बन्धः—‘एकः’ इति विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective/Numeral
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)

• त्वष्टुः: of Tvaṣṭṛ (the divine artisan)
• त्वष्टुः: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of Tvaṣṭṛ’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वष्टृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• अश्वस्य: of the horse
• अश्वस्य: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of the horse’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• अविशतः: they entered
• अविशतः: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विश् (धातु)

• द्वा: two
• द्वा: Kartā (विशेषणम्—यन्तारौ)
• Type: Numeral
• Root: द्वि (प्रातिपदिक)

• यन्तारौ: controllers/holders (reinsmen)
• यन्तारौ: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: यन्तृ (प्रातिपदिक; √यम्)

• भवतः: you two are / become
• भवतः: Kriyā (विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)

• तथा: thus, in that manner
• तथा: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)

• ऋतुः: the season / proper time
• ऋतुः: Kartā/सम्बन्धः (समुच्चयेन—‘ऋतुः’ अपि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋतु (प्रातिपदिक)

• या: which (those)
• या: Karma (यत्-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: your
• ते: Sambandha (genitive: ‘your’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• गात्राणाम्: of the limbs
• गात्राणाम्: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of the limbs’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गात्र (प्रातिपदिक; √गा/गम् ‘to go’ > ‘limb’)

• ऋतुथा: in due order / according to the proper time
• ऋतुथा: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ऋतु + -था (अव्ययीभाव/तद्धित-अव्यय)

• कृणोमि: I make / I arrange
• कृणोमि: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)

• ताताः: O fathers / O forefathers
• ताताः: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात (प्रातिपदिक; ‘fatherly/ancestors’; voc./nom. pl.)

• पिण्डानाम्: of the portions (lumps, pieces)
• पिण्डानाम्: Sambandha (genitive: ‘of the lumps/portions’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (preverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• जुहोमि: I offer (into fire)
• जुहोमि: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: हु (धातु)

• अग्नौ: in/into Agni (the fire)
• अग्नौ: Adhikaraṇa (locus: ‘in/into the fire’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)