Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 8

कुम्भकर्णोपदेशः

Kumbhakarna’s Counsel and War-Boast to Ravana

Devanagari script

यथागमं च योराजासमयंविचिकीर्षति ।बुध्यतेसचिवान्बध्यासुहृदश्चानुपश्यति ।।6.63.8।।

Transliteration

yathāgamaṃ ca yo rājā samayaṃ vicikīrṣati |

budhyate sacivān buddhyā suhṛdaś cānupaśyati ||6.63.8||

Translation

وہ راجا جو آگم کے مطابق مناسب گھڑی میں کام کرنے کا ارادہ کرے، جو اپنی بدھی سے وزیروں کو پہچانے اور سُہردوں کو نظر میں رکھے—وہی حقیقتاً جانتا ہے کہ کیا کرنا چاہیے۔

Word by Word

• यथा-आगमम्: according to tradition
• यथा-आगमम्: क्रियाविशेषण (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय) + आगम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव; adverb = 'according to tradition/scripture'

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (समुच्चयः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• यः: who
• यः: कर्ता (कर्तृ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

• राजा: king
• राजा: कर्ता (कर्तृ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

• समयम्: proper course / agreement
• समयम्: कर्म (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• विचिकीर्षति: wishes to carry out
• विचिकीर्षति: क्रिया (क्रियापद)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + कृ (धातु) + सन् (desiderative)
• Form: लट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; desiderative = 'wishes to do/undertake'

• बुध्यते: understands / is aware
• बुध्यते: क्रिया (क्रियापद)
• Type: Verb
• Root: बुध् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• सचिवान्: ministers
• सचिवान्: कर्म (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सचिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), बहुवचन

• बुध्या: by intelligence
• बुध्या: करण (करणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), एकवचन; instrumental = 'by intelligence'

• सुहृदः: friends
• सुहृदः: कर्म (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुहृद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), बहुवचन (वैदिक/छान्दस रूप); object of अनुपश्यति

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (समुच्चयः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• अनुपश्यति: observes / considers properly
• अनुपश्यति: क्रिया (क्रियापद)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + पश्य् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

Context

" All beings all over will be eaten now. For a long time Kumbhakarna was sleeping. Now you will see that the food of all the three worlds, earth, heaven and intermediate region will not be enough to fill my stomach."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa (implied addressee)
• ministers (sacivāḥ)
• friends/allies (suhṛdaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in rulership means aligning decisions with established right order (āgama) and सत्य-like reliability: consult the wise, consider allies, and act at the proper time.

What is the narrative situation?

A senior rākṣasa counselor outlines what competent kingship looks like while Laṅkā faces the Rāma-led assault.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Discernment and responsible governance—seeing through counsel and relationships.