Shloka 1
Devanagari script
अथोवाचमहातेजाहरिराजोमहाबलः ।किमियंव्यथितासेनामूढवातेवनौर्जले ।।6.50.1।।
Transliteration
atho vāca mahātejā harirājo mahābalaḥ |
kimiyaṃ vyathitā senā mūḍha-vāteva naur jale ||
Translation
تب بندروں کا نہایت زورآور اور نورانی راجا بولا: “یہ لشکر کیوں گھبرا گیا ہے—جیسے پانی پر کشتی، جو بھٹکی ہوئی ہوا سے ہچکولے کھا رہی ہو؟”
Word by Word
athathen/now
atha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययम्, आरम्भ/अनन्तरार्थकः (then/now)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम् (singular)
mahā-tejāḥvery radiant
mahā-tejāḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā + tejas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम् (singular); बहुव्रीहिः: 'one whose tejas is great'
hari-rājaḥking of the monkeys
hari-rājaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roothari + rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम् (singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: 'king of the monkeys'
mahā-balaḥvery mighty
mahā-balaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā + bala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम् (singular); बहुव्रीहिः: 'one whose strength is great'
kimwhy?/what?
kim:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Question)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-अव्ययम् (interrogative particle)
iyamthis
iyam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम् (singular)
vyathitādistressed/agitated
vyathitā:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvyathita (प्रातिपदिक; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त from vyath)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम् (singular); विशेषणम् (qualifier of senā)
senāarmy
senā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsenā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम् (singular)
mūḍha-vātāby a bewildering wind
mūḍha-vātā:
Upamāna (उपमान/Simile standard)
TypeAdjective
Rootmūḍha + vāta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम् (singular); कर्मधारयः: 'confused/whirling wind' (as qualifier in simile)
ivalike
iva:
Upamā-dyotaka (उपमा-द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमार्थक-अव्ययम् (particle of comparison: like/as)
nauḥa boat
nauḥ:
Upameya (उपमेय/Compared entity)
TypeNoun
Rootnau (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम् (singular)
jalein water
jale:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootjala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचनम् (singular)
Context
Extremely brilliant and mighty Sugriva looking at the army of Vanaras said, "Why are you worried like a boat tossed by wind in water?"
Characters & Entities
S
SugrīvaFAQs
A leader’s dharma is to steady the community in crisis—questioning panic and calling the group back to clarity and duty.
At Vibhīṣaṇa’s approach, some Vānaras become anxious; Sugrīva notices the disorder and addresses the army.
Sugrīva’s virtue here is leadership—alertness to fear spreading and the ability to restore morale.