Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 63

समुद्रतट-प्रयाणम् तथा वेलावन-निवेशः

March to the Seacoast and Encampment at the Shore

Devanagari script

हरयो राघवस्यार्थे समारोपितविक्रमाः ।।।।हर्षंवीर्य बलोद्रेकान्दर्शयन्तः परस्परम् ।यौवनोत्सेकजान्दर्पाद्विविधांश्चक्रुरध्वनि ।।।।

Transliteration

harayo rāghavasyārthe samāropitavikramāḥ |

harṣaṁ vīrya balodrekān darśayantaḥ parasparam |

yauvanotsekajān darpād vividhāṁś cakrur adhvani ||

Translation

راغھو (شری رام) کے مقصد کے لیے وانر یودھا اپنے پرाकرم کو ابھارے ہوئے چلے؛ ایک دوسرے کو اپنی مسرت، شجاعت اور بڑھتی ہوئی قوت دکھاتے تھے، اور راہ میں جوانی کے جوش سے پیدا ہونے والے غرور کے سبب طرح طرح کے ولولہ انگیز کرتب کرتے تھے۔

Word by Word

• हरयः: the monkeys (vanaras)
• हरयः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural)

• राघवस्य: of Raghava (Rama)
• राघवस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/षष्ठī)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), षष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (singular)

• अर्थे: for the sake / purpose
• अर्थे: प्रयोजन (Purpose adjunct/हेतु-अर्थ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (singular); (idiom: ‘for the sake of’ with genitive)

• समारोपितविक्रमाः: with roused valour
• समारोपितविक्रमाः: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-ā-ropita (√ruh/√rop? causative √ruh/√rop) + vikrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि (possessive: ‘whose prowess is raised/roused’), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural); विशेषण to हरयः

• हर्षम्: joy
• हर्षम्: कर्म (Karman/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: harṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular)

• वीर्यम्: prowess / strength
• वीर्यम्: कर्म (Karman/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular)

• बलोद्रेकान्: surges of strength
• बलोद्रेकान्: कर्म (Karman/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bala + udreka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (determinative: ‘surge of strength’), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (plural)

• दर्शयन्तः: showing
• दर्शयन्तः: कर्ता (Karta/Agent as participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (धातु) (दृश्) + ṇic (णिच् causative) = darśaya + śatṛ (शतृ) = darśayant (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural); agrees with हरयः

• परस्परम्: to each other
• परस्परम्: परस्परसम्बन्ध (Reciprocal adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: paraspara (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक used adverbially)
• Form: अव्ययीभावार्थे अव्ययवत् प्रयोग (adverbial usage), ‘to one another’

• यौवनोत्सेकजान्: arising from youthful exuberance
• यौवनोत्सेकजान्: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yauvana + utseka + ja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (determinative: ‘born of youthful exuberance’), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (plural); qualifies विविधान् (understood as ‘acts/gestures’)

• दर्पात्: from pride
• दर्पात्: अपादान (Apādāna/Source; cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: darpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), पञ्चमी विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन (singular)

• विविधान्: various
• विविधान्: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vividha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (plural); object-qualifier (of implied ‘gestures/acts’)

• चक्रुः: did / performed
• चक्रुः: क्रिया (Action/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु) (कृ)
• Form: लिट् लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (plural), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• अध्वनि: on the way
• अध्वनि: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhvan (प्रातिपदिक) (अध्वन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (singular)

Context

For the purpose of Rama, the vanaras went showing their valour, happiness and prowess charged with emotion towards one another on the way. They showed their joy and spirit to one another exhibiting their natural youthful enthusiasm, arrogance and several other gestures.

Characters & Entities

• Rāghava (Rāma)
• Vānara-s (Harayaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Sevā to a righteous cause: the Vānara host channels strength and enthusiasm toward Rāma’s just mission, presenting courage as disciplined support of dharma rather than mere display.

What is the narrative situation?

The Vānara army is on the march toward the coming conflict, energised and demonstrating their readiness and morale along the route.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Collective vīrya and utsāha (heroic energy and morale), directed toward loyalty and purposeful action for Rāma.