Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 110, Shloka 2

रामरावणयोर्युद्धवैषम्यं तथा रावणशिरश्छेदनम्

Rama–Ravana Duel Intensifies; Ravana’s Heads Severed and Reappear

Devanagari script

अर्धयन्तौतुसमरेतयोस्तौस्यन्दनोत्तमौ ।परस्परमभिक्रुद्धौपरस्परमभिद्रुतौ ।।।।

Transliteration

ardhayantau tu samare tayos tau syandanottamau |

parasparam abhikruddhau parasparam abhidrुतau ||

Translation

اس جنگ میں اُن دونوں کے عالی شان رتھ ایک دوسرے کی طرف بڑھتے چلے گئے؛ دونوں یودھا غضبناک ہو کر ثابت قدمی کے ساتھ ایک دوسرے پر سیدھے ٹوٹ پڑے۔

Word by Word

• परस्परवधे: in mutual slaying
• परस्परवधे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paraspara + vadha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘of each other’ + ‘killing’), Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular

• युक्तौ: engaged
• युक्तौ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yukta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adjectival use, Masculine, Nominative, Dual; ‘engaged/intent’

• घोररूपौ: terrible-looking
• घोररूपौ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghora + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (‘terrible in form’), Masculine, Nominative, Dual; qualifies ‘तौ’ (understood)

• बभूवतुः: became/were
• बभूवतुः: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd Person, Dual, Parasmaipada

• मण्डलानि: circles/turns
• मण्डलानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: maṇḍala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Plural

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• वीधीः: maneuvers/feats
• वीधीः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīdhī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd), Plural

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• गतप्रत्यागतानि: advancing and retreating
• गतप्रत्यागतानि: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gata + pratyāgata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvandva (समाहार: ‘going and returning’), Neuter, Accusative, Plural; qualifies ‘मण्डलानि/वीधीः’ (maneuvers)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• दर्शयन्तौ: displaying
• दर्शयन्तौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Causative present active participle (णिच् + शतृ), Nominative, Dual, Masculine; ‘showing/displaying’

• बहुविधाम्: various
• बहुविधाम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahuvidha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adjectival use, Feminine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies ‘गतिम्’

• सूतसामर्थ्यजाम्: arising from charioteer-skill
• सूतसामर्थ्यजाम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sūta + sāmarthya + ja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (समास: ‘charioteer’ + ‘skill’ + ‘born from’), Feminine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies ‘गतिम्’

• गतिम्: movement/course
• गतिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular

Context

The ten headed Ravana with his thunderbolt like hands hurled arrows and struck the charioteer of Rama, making sounds like thunder.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma (implied as Rāghava)
• Rāvaṇa (implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is seen as steadfastness in a righteous duty: the battle is approached with resolve and directness, not deceit, reflecting the ideal of confronting adharma openly.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma and Rāvaṇa (each on a chariot) close in on one another, the duel escalating into direct engagement.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Determination (dhairya/utsāha) and unwavering commitment to one’s chosen course—especially in a high-stakes dharmic conflict.