दूतधर्म-परामर्शः
Envoy-Immunity and Royal Counsel in Ravana’s Court
असंशयं शत्रुरयं प्रवृद्धः कृतं ह्यनेनाप्रियमप्रमेयम्।न दूतवध्यां प्रवदन्ति सन्तो दूतस्य दृष्टा बहवो हि दण्डाः।।।।
asaṁśayaṁ śatrur ayaṁ pravṛddhaḥ kṛtaṁ hy anenāpriyam aprameyam |
na dūtavadhyāṁ pravadanti santo dūtasya dṛṣṭā bahavo hi daṇḍāḥ ||
“بے شک یہ دشمن نہایت زور آور ہے، اور اس نے بے اندازہ سخت اور ناگوار نقصان پہنچایا ہے۔ پھر بھی دانا لوگ قاصد کے قتل کو درست نہیں کہتے؛ کیونکہ قاصد کے لیے بہت سی اور سزائیں مقرر ہیں۔”
This enemy has done a lot of harm, no doubt. Indeed he has done terrible and unpleasant deeds. (Yet) the wise have recommended many alternate punishments, while prohibiting their killing.
Dharma sets limits on retribution: even when harmed, a ruler must punish within lawful boundaries; immunity of envoys is upheld while allowing alternate penalties.
Vibhīṣaṇa acknowledges Hanumān’s hostile acts but argues that execution violates established norms regarding messengers.
Fair-mindedness (nyāya-buddhi): recognizing harm yet insisting on proportionate, rule-bound response.