Shloka 22

द्वितीयः सर्गः (Sarga 2): Sugriva’s Alarm and Hanuman’s Commission

Devanagari script

अरयश्च मनुष्येण विज्ञेयाश्छद्मचारिणः।विश्वस्तानामविश्वस्तारन्ध्रेषु प्रहरन्ति हि।।

Transliteration

arayaś ca manuṣyeṇa vijñeyāś chadmacāriṇaḥ | viśvastānām aviśvastā randhreṣu praharanti hi ||

Translation

آدمی کو چاہیے کہ بھیس بدل کر چلنے والے دشمنوں کو پہچانے؛ کیونکہ جو بےوفا ہوتے ہیں وہ اعتماد کرنے والوں کی کمزوری کے رخنوں پر وار کرتے ہیں۔

Word by Word

• अरयः: enemies
• अरयः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• मनुष्येण: by a man
• मनुष्येण: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

• विज्ञेयाः: should be identified
• विज्ञेयाः: विधेय (Predicate necessity)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: तव्यत्/य-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive/passive necessity); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘to be recognized/should be known’

• छद्मचारिणः: moving in disguise
• छद्मचारिणः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: छद्म + चारिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (छद्मेन चरन्ति)

• विश्वस्तानाम्: of the trusting (people)
• विश्वस्तानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-श्वस् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) ‘विश्वस्त’ = trusting/confident; पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• अविश्वस्ताः: the untrusting (ones)
• अविश्वस्ताः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + विश्वस्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; नञ्-समास/उपसर्ग-निषेध (untrusting)

• रन्ध्रेषु: in weak points/openings
• रन्ध्रेषु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रन्ध्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन

• प्रहरन्ति: strike/attack
• प्रहरन्ति: क्रिया (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-हृ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• हि: indeed
• हि: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (emphasis)

Context

'One has to identify these men roaming in disguise. These are not trust-worthy and could even be our enemies, making us believe them so as to attack us when we are not vigilant.

Characters & Entities

• Sugriva
• Hanuman
• Enemies (arayaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes responsible caution: trust should be earned through truth-tested conduct, not granted blindly.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva instructs Hanumān to be alert to disguised agents and warns how deception exploits trust.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vigilance and discernment (viveka) in social and political interactions.