Valmiki Ramayana 1.30.1 — Bala Kanda, Sarga 30, Shloka 1

सिद्धाश्रम

यज्ञरक्षणम् — Protection of Viśvāmitra’s Sacrifice at Siddhāśrama

Devanagari script

अथ तौ देशकालज्ञौ राजापुत्रावरिन्दमौ।देशे काले च वाक्यज्ञावब्रूतां कौशिकं वच:।।।।

Transliteration

atha tau deśakālajñau rājāputrāv arindamau |

deśe kāle ca vākyajñāv abrūtāṃ kauśikaṃ vacaḥ ||

Translation

پھر وہ دونوں شہزادے—جو دیش اور کال کے آداب سے واقف، گفتار میں ماہر اور دشمنوں کو زیر کرنے والے تھے—کوشِک (وشوامتر) سے یوں مخاطب ہوئے۔

Word by Word

• अथ: then
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तरार्थक-अव्यय (sequencer: 'then')

• तौ: those two
• तौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Dual)

• देशकालज्ञौ: knowing place and time
• देशकालज्ञौ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: deśa + kāla + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (देशः च कालः च) + ज्ञ (Masculine, Nominative, Dual)

• राजापुत्रौ: the two princes
• राजापुत्रौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājā + putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (राज्ञः पुत्रौ) (Masculine, Nominative, Dual)

• अरिन्दमौ: subduers of enemies
• अरिन्दमौ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ari + dama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (अरिं दमयतः) (Masculine, Nominative, Dual)

• देशे: in (the) place
• देशे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Locative, Singular)

• काले: at (the) time
• काले: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Locative, Singular)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• वाक्यज्ञौ: knowers of proper speech
• वाक्यज्ञौ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vākya + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (वाक्यस्य ज्ञौ) (Masculine, Nominative, Dual)

• अब्रूताम्: they two spoke
• अब्रूताम्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (धातु: ब्रू)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (imperfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, द्विवचन; परस्मैपद (Imperfect, 3rd person, Dual)

• कौशिकम्: to Kauśika (Viśvāmitra)
• कौशिकम्: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kauśika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बोधनार्थे कर्मवत् प्रयोग (Masculine, Accusative, Singular; addressed person)

• वचः: words
• वचः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vacas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)

Context

Thus spoke the two princes to Viswamitra. They were conscious of place and time to speak and capable of conquering enemies.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Vishvamitra
• Kausika

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Maryādā in conduct and speech: dharma includes knowing when, where, and how to speak respectfully to elders/teachers.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama and Lakshmana, accompanying Viśvāmitra, speak to him at an appropriate moment in the ritual-protection episode.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Propriety and disciplined speech (vākya-jñatā) alongside readiness to protect (arindamatva).