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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 89, Shloka 20

गङ्गातरणम्

Bharata’s Ferrying of the Army across the Ganga

नावस्त्वारुरुहुश्चान्ये प्लवैस्तेरु स्तथापरे।अन्ये कुम्भघटैस्तेरुरन्येतेरुश्च बाहुभिः।।।।

nāvas tv āruruhuś cānye plavais teru tathāpare | anye kumbhaghaṭais terur anye teruś ca bāhubhiḥ ||

کچھ لوگ کشتیوں پر چڑھ گئے، کچھ نے بیڑوں پر سفر کیا؛ کچھ بڑے گھڑوں کو تھام کر پار ہوئے، اور کچھ اپنے بازوؤں کے زور سے تیرتے ہوئے گزر گئے۔

नावःboats
नावः:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative sense implied with verb of boarding)
TypeNoun
Rootनौ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
तुbut; indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (contrast/emphasis)
आरुरुहुःboarded; mounted
आरुरुहुः:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-रुह् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम-प्रयोग (pronominal adjective used substantively)
प्लवैःby/with rafts
प्लवैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootप्लव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
तेरुःcrossed
तेरुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
तथाthus; in that manner
तथा:
Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम-प्रयोग (others)
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
कुम्भघटैःwith pots and jars
कुम्भघटैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootकुम्भ (प्रातिपदिक) + घट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास (कुम्भाः च घटाः च)
तेरुःcrossed
तेरुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तेरुःcrossed
तेरुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
बाहुभिःwith (their) arms
बाहुभिः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootबाहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

O scion of the Kakutstha race (Bharata)! I trust, you and your army passed the night on the river bank comfortably without any inconvenience.

G
Gaṅgā (implied river crossing context)
B
boats

FAQs

Dharma is reflected as perseverance in a righteous mission: people adapt and endure hardship to proceed on a duty-bound journey.

During the Gaṅgā crossing, not everyone finds a boat; the group crosses using various improvised means.

Resourcefulness and determination displayed collectively by the travelers/army.