Shloka 5

Devanagari script

शतं सहस्राण्यश्वानां समारूढानि राघवम्।अन्वयुर्भरतं यान्तं सत्यसन्धं जितेन्द्रियम्।।2.83.5।।

Transliteration

śataṃ sahasrāṇy aśvānāṃ samārūḍhāni rāghavam |

anvayur bharataṃ yāntaṃ satyasaṃdhaṃ jitendriyam || 2.83.5 ||

Translation

ایک لاکھ گھوڑے، ہر ایک پر سوار موجود، بھرت کے روانہ ہونے پر ان کے پیچھے چلے—وہ جو عہد کے سچے اور اپنے حواس کے فاتح تھے۔

Word by Word

• śatam: a hundred
• śatam: Saṅkhyā (संख्या/परिमाण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter numeral noun, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; quantifier of sahasrāṇi

• sahasrāṇi: thousands
• sahasrāṇi: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural

• aśvānām: of horses
• aśvānām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aśva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Plural (बहुवचन)

• samārūḍhāni: mounted
• samārūḍhāni: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-ā-ruh (रुह् धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative, Plural; agrees with sahasrāṇi; sense: 'mounted/occupied'

• rāghavam: the Rāghava (Bharata)
• rāghavam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; apposition to bharatam

• anvayuḥ: followed
• anvayuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu + i (इ धातु)
• Form: Luṅ (aorist), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural

• bharatam: Bharata
• bharatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• yāntam: going
• yāntam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yā (या धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Present active participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• satyasandham: true to his word
• satyasandham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक) + sandha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular; tatpuruṣa: 'true to his promise/truth-bound'

• jitendriyam: self-controlled
• jitendriyam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jita (प्रातिपदिक/क्त from ji) + indriya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular; bahuvrīhi: 'one whose senses are conquered'

Context

One hundred thousand horses each mounted by a rider followed Bharata, one who had conquered his passion and adhered to truth.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Raghu lineage (Rāghava)
• horses

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya and self-mastery as foundations of dharma: Bharata’s reliability (satyasaṃdha) and restraint (jitendriya) qualify him for righteous leadership and moral persuasion.

What is the narrative situation?

As Bharata proceeds with a massive mounted force, the narrator highlights not only the army’s magnitude but Bharata’s inner virtues.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Truthfulness and self-control—Bharata’s moral authority is portrayed as equal to (or greater than) his royal power.