Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.60 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 60

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

तथा तु शपथैः कष्टै श्शपमानमचेतनम्।भरतं शोकसन्तप्तं कौसल्या वाक्यमब्रवीत्।।।।

Transliteration

tathā tu śapathaiḥ kaṣṭaiḥ śapamānam acetanam | bharataṃ śokasantaptaṃ kausalyā vākyam abravīt ||

Translation

اسی طرح جب بھرت غم کی تپش سے جلتا ہوا بے ہوش پڑا تھا اور سخت قسمیں کھا رہا تھا، تو کوسلیا نے اس سے یہ کلمات کہے۔

Word by Word

• तथा: thus, in that manner
• तथा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable adverb)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha/Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle, adversative/emphatic)

• शपथैः: by oaths
• शपथैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śapatha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन

• कष्टैः: painful, harsh
• कष्टैः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kaṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying शपथैः)

• शपमानम्: swearing
• शपमानम्: Karma (कर्म) / Karma-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śap (धातु) + śapamāna (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्); परस्मैपद-धातु √śap; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन; (भरतम् इति कर्मपदस्य विशेषणरूपेण)

• अचेतनम्: unconscious, senseless
• अचेतनम्: Karma (कर्म) / Karma-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: acetana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (भरतम्)

• भरतम्: Bharata
• भरतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• शोकसन्तप्तम्: tormented by grief
• शोकसन्तप्तम्: Karma (कर्म) / Karma-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śoka + santapta (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-निष्पन्न)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (शोकेन सन्तप्तः); पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (भरतम्)

• कौसल्या: Kausalya
• कौसल्या: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kausalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन

• वाक्यम्: words, a speech
• वाक्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• अब्रवीत्: said, spoke
• अब्रवीत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √brū (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/past); परस्मैपद; प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

Context

After having addressed Bharata, who was affectionate towards his brother that way, Kausalya drew the mighty-armed one onto her lap and hugged him and cried out with extreme grief.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kausalyā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse frames a dharmic tension: truth and oath-taking must be guided by emotional restraint; Kausalyā prepares to counsel Bharata away from self-harmful extremes.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata collapses in grief and repeatedly swears intense oaths; Kausalyā begins addressing him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kausalyā’s role as moral guide: she intervenes with speech (upadeśa) when grief destabilizes conduct.