Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.1 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 1

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

दीर्घकालात्समुत्थाय संज्ञां लब्ध्वा च वीर्यवान्।नेत्राभ्यामश्रुपूर्णाभ्यां दीनामुद्वीक्ष्य मातरम्।।।।सोऽमात्यमध्ये भरतो जननीमभ्यकुत्सयत्।

Transliteration

dīrghakālāt samutthāya saṅjñāṃ labdhvā ca vīryavān |

netrābhyām aśrupūrṇābhyāṃ dīnām udvīkṣya mātaram ||

so ’mātyamadhye bharato jananīm abhyakutsayat |

Translation

کافی دیر بعد وہ پرَاکرمی بھرت اٹھا اور ہوش میں آیا؛ آنکھوں میں آنسو بھرے، اپنی دکھی ماں کو دیکھ کر، وزیروں کے بیچ اس نے اپنی جننی کو ملامت کی۔

Word by Word

• dīrgha-kālāt: after a long time
• dīrgha-kālāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dīrgha (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः—‘दीर्घः कालः’ (a long time)

• samutthāya: having risen
• samutthāya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √sthā (स्था) with sam-ut (उपसर्ग)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘having risen up’

• saṅjñām: consciousness/senses
• saṅjñām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṅjñā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• labdhvā: having regained
• labdhvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √labh (लभ्)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), ‘having obtained/regained’

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• vīryavān: valiant
• vīryavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vīryavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; गुणवाचक (possessive adj.)

• netrābhyām: with (his) two eyes
• netrābhyām: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: netra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), द्विवचन

• aśru-pūrṇābhyām: filled with tears
• aśru-pūrṇābhyām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aśru (प्रातिपदिक) + pūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, द्विवचन; तृतीया-बहुवचन? (agreement with netrābhyām); तत्पुरुषः—‘अश्रुभिः पूर्णे’ (filled with tears)

• dīnām: wretched/afflicted
• dīnām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘mātaram’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• udvīkṣya: having looked at
• udvīkṣya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √īkṣ (ईक्ष्) with ud (उद्)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), ‘having looked up/seen’

• mātaram: mother
• mātaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• amātya-madhye: among the ministers
• amātya-madhye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: amātya (प्रातिपदिक) + madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; सप्तमी-तत्पुरुषः—‘अमात्यानां मध्ये’ (in the midst of ministers)

• bharataḥ: Bharata
• bharataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• jananīm: mother (his mother)
• jananīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jananī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• abhyakutsayat: rebuked/condemned
• abhyakutsayat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kuts (कुत्स्) with abhi (अभि)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

On regaining his senses after a long time, the valiant Bharata looked at his unfortunate mother whose eyes were filled with tears, and condemned her amidst the counsellors.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kaikeyī

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in governance includes public accountability: wrongdoing affecting the realm must be confronted openly, even when family ties make it painful.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata recovers from shock/grief and, before the ministers, begins condemning his mother for the events leading to the crisis.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage and impartiality: Bharata places righteousness above private attachment.