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Valmiki Ramayana 2.74.16Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 74, Shloka 16

भरतस्य कैकेयी-गर्हा तथा सुरभि-दृष्टान्तः

Bharata’s Reproach of Kaikeyi and the Surabhi Exemplum

तावर्धदिवसे श्रान्तौ दृष्ट्वा पुत्रौ महीतले।रुरोद पुत्रशोकेन बाष्पपर्याकुलेक्षणा।।।।

tāv ardhadivase śrāntau dṛṣṭvā putrau mahītale | ruroda putraśokena bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇā ||

دوپہر کے وقت اپنے دونوں بیٹوں کو زمین پر تھکا ماندہ پڑا دیکھ کر وہ اولاد کے غم سے رو پڑی؛ اس کی آنکھیں آنسوؤں سے بھر کر دھندلا گئیں۔

तौthose two
तौ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन (Dual)
अर्धदिवसेat midday
अर्धदिवसे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्धदिवस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (अर्धस्य दिवसः)
श्रान्तौtired
श्रान्तौ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रान्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √श्रम्)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying तौ/पुत्रौ)
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial to main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√दृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययवत्; पूर्वकालिकक्रिया (having seen)
पुत्रौ(her) two sons
पुत्रौ:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), द्विवचन
महीतलेon the ground
महीतले:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootमहीतल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (मही-तलम्)
रुरोदwailed/cried
रुरोद:
Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√रुद् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
पुत्रशोकेनdue to grief for (her) son
पुत्रशोकेन:
Karana/Hetu (करण/हेतु-Instrument/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रशोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (पुत्रस्य शोकः)
बाष्पपर्याकुलेक्षणाshe whose eyes were filled with tears
बाष्पपर्याकुलेक्षणा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootबाष्प-पर्याकुल-ईक्षणा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः कर्मधारयः (बाष्पेण पर्याकुला ईक्षणा यस्याः/या) — here used as adjective to implied subject (she)

On seeing her two sons lying on earth exhausted, she wailed in distress for them with her eyes filled with tears.

B
Bharata
K
Kaikeyi
S
Surabhī

FAQs

The verse highlights the moral weight of causing suffering to dependents; a mother’s anguish is portrayed as a serious ethical matter.

In the Surabhī exemplum, the divine cow grieves upon seeing her sons collapsed from toil.

Karunā (compassion), expressed through the immediacy of a mother’s protective sorrow.

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