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Shloka 40

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

सराममपि तावन्मे रथं दृष्ट्वा तदा जनः।विना रामं रथं दृष्ट्वा विदीर्येतापि सा पुरी।।2.52.40।।

sarāmam api tāvan me rathaṃ dṛṣṭvā tadā janaḥ |

vinā rāmaṃ rathaṃ dṛṣṭvā vidīryetāpi sā purī || 2.52.40 ||

لوگوں نے اُس وقت میرا رتھ رام کے ساتھ دیکھا تھا؛ پھر جب وہ رام کے بغیر لوٹتا ہوا رتھ دیکھیں گے تو وہ سب ٹوٹ جائیں گے، اور وہ پوری بھی گویا غم سے پھٹ جائے گی۔

sa-rāmam(chariot) with Rama
sa-rāmam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक) + sa- (उपसर्ग/सह-अर्थक अव्यय)
FormAvyayībhāva (अव्ययीभाव) ‘sa-’ + Subanta; Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; used adverbially/qualificatively = ‘with Rama’
apieven/also
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात) = ‘also/even’
tāvatthen/for that time
tāvat:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottāvat (अव्यय/प्रमाण-शब्द)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण) = ‘so long/then/for the time being’
memy
me:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun; Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; enclitic form ‘me’
rathamchariot
ratham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Kriyā (क्रिया; पूर्वकालिक)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय, ल्यबन्त); ‘having seen’
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormTemporal adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय) = ‘then’
janaḥthe people/person
janaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
vināwithout
vinā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/अपादानार्थ-उपपद)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvinā (अव्यय)
FormPreposition-like indeclinable (उपपद) governing Accusative = ‘without’
rāmamRama
rāmam:
Apādāna (अपादान; separation ‘without’)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (governed by vinā)
rathamchariot
ratham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Kriyā (क्रिया; पूर्वकालिक)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा) = ‘having seen’
vidīryetawould break apart / be shattered
vidīryeta:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√dṝ (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Ātmanepada; passive/intransitive sense ‘would be torn/broken’
apieven
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात) = ‘even/also’
that
:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormDemonstrative pronoun used adjectivally; Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
purīcity
purī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpurī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

The people who had seen Rama board the chariot will be broken-hearted to see it without him.

S
Sumantra
R
Rama
A
Ayodhya (the city implied)

FAQs

Dharma highlights the reciprocal bond between ruler and people: the king’s virtue becomes the people’s emotional refuge, and his absence wounds the civic body.

Sumantra argues that returning alone will devastate Ayodhya, because the citizens witnessed Rama depart in the chariot.

Empathy for the populace—Sumantra considers not only orders but the human consequences for the city.