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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 41, Shloka 7

अयोध्यायाः शोकप्रकम्पः

Ayodhya’s Tremor of Grief and Omens

इति सर्वा महिष्यस्ता विवत्सा इव धेनवः।रुरुदुश्चैव दुःखार्ताः सस्वरं च विचुक्रुशुः।।2.41.7।।

iti sarvā mahiṣyas tā vivatsā iva dhenavaḥ |

ruruduś caiva duḥkhārtāḥ sasvaraṃ ca vicukruśuḥ || 2.41.7 ||

یوں وہ سب مہیشیاں، غم سے نڈھال، بچھڑے سے محروم گایوں کی مانند، روتی رہیں اور بلند آواز سے فریاد کرتی رہیں۔

itithus
iti:
Vakyopanyasa (वाक्योपन्यास)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative/closing particle (इति)
sarvāḥall
sarvāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; qualifying 'mahiṣyaḥ'
mahiṣyaḥqueens
mahiṣyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahiṣī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
tāḥthose
tāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; apposition to 'mahiṣyaḥ'
vivatsāḥbereft of calves
vivatsāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-vatsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural; 'without calves' qualifying implied 'dhenavaḥ' in simile
ivalike
iva:
Upama (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormSimile particle (उपमा-अव्यय)
dhenavaḥcows
dhenavaḥ:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootdhenu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural; standard of comparison
ruruduḥwept
ruruduḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootrud (धातु)
FormVerb, Perfect/लिट्, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
evaindeed
eva:
Avadharana (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (अवधारण-निपात)
duḥkhārtāḥtormented by grief
duḥkhārtāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkha + ārta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural; compound: duḥkha-ārta = afflicted by sorrow; qualifying 'mahiṣyaḥ'
sasvaramloudly
sasvaram:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsa + svara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyayībhāva used adverbially: sa-svaram = with voice/loudly
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
vicukruśuḥcried out
vicukruśuḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi + kruś (धातु)
FormVerb, Perfect/लिट्, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural

So wept aloud the anguished wives of the king like cows separated from their calves.

T
the queens (mahiṣyaḥ)

FAQs

It highlights how adharma-like outcomes (the unjust-feeling exile of a righteous heir) ripple through society, producing collective grief and destabilizing the moral-emotional order of the palace.

After the queens’ lamenting questions about Rāma, the narrator describes their loud crying and weeping.

Not a single virtue, but the depth of familial attachment and the moral shock felt by the palace at Rāma’s departure.