Shloka 28

त्रयस्त्रिंशः सर्गः

Civic Lament and Rama’s Dutiful Approach to Daśaratha

Devanagari script

विनीतवीरपुरुषं प्रविश्य तु नृपालयम्।ददर्शावस्थितं दीनं सुमन्त्रमविदूरतः।।।।

Transliteration

vinītavīrapuruṣaṃ praviśya tu nṛpālayam | dadarśāvasthitaṃ dīnaṃ sumantram avidūrataḥ ||

Translation

نظم و ضبط والے بہادر سپاہیوں سے آراستہ شاہی محل میں داخل ہو کر اس نے سمنتَر کو قریب ہی کھڑا دیکھا، جو افسردہ و دل شکستہ تھا۔

Word by Word

• विनीत-वीर-पुरुषम्: the well-disciplined heroic man
• विनीत-वीर-पुरुषम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विनीत (कृदन्त) + वीर (प्रातिपदिक) + पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (विशेषणपूर्वकः)

• प्रविश्य: having entered
• प्रविश्य: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-विश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/Absolutive), ‘having entered’

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपातार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/अन्वयार्थे ‘but/indeed’

• नृप-आलयम्: the royal palace
• नृप-आलयम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप (प्रातिपदिक) + आलय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (‘king’s abode’)

• ददर्श: saw
• ददर्श: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• अवस्थितम्: standing
• अवस्थितम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव-स्था (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘standing/placed’ (कर्मणि)

• दीनम्: dejected
• दीनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (सुमन्त्रस्य)

• सुमन्त्रम्: Sumantra
• सुमन्त्रम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमन्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; व्यक्तिनाम

• अविदूरतः: from nearby
• अविदूरतः: Desha-adhikarana (देशाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अ-विदूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त), ‘from not far’

Context

Rama, lover of righteousness, determined to go to the forest in obedience to hisfather's command said to Sumantra, Inform the king of my arrival.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē ayōdhyākāṇḍē trayastriṅśassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the thirtythird sarga in Ayodhyakanda of the holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sumantra
• Royal palace

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes proper procedure and respect for institutions: Rāma enters the king’s palace in order, while the court’s grief reflects the moral weight of the moment.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma arrives inside the palace precincts and notices Sumantra visibly distressed.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sumantra’s loyalty and emotional integrity—his dejection signals sincere attachment to the righteous prince and the king.