Valmiki Ramayana 2.18.20: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 18, Shloka 20

अष्टादशः सर्गः

Kaikeyī Discloses the Boons: Exile to Daṇḍaka and Bharata’s Consecration

Devanagari script

न राजा कुपितो राम व्यसनं नास्य किञ्चन।किञ्चिन्मनोगतंत्वस्य त्वद्भयान्नाभिभाषते।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.18.20

Transliteration

na rājā kupito rāma vyasanaṃ nāsya kiñcana | kiñcin manogataṃ tv asya tvad-bhayān nābhibhāṣate ||

Translation

اے رام! راجا نہ تم پر خفا ہے، نہ اس پر کوئی آفت آئی ہے؛ مگر تمہارے خوف سے وہ اپنے دل کی بات زبان پر نہیں لا سکتا۔

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Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• rājā: the king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, nominative singular

• kupitaḥ: angry
• kupitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (as predicate qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kupita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, nominative singular; predicate adjective of ‘rājā’

• rāma: O Rama
• rāma: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, vocative (सम्बोधन) singular

• vyasanam: misfortune
• vyasanam: Karta (कर्ता) (of implied ‘asti’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyasana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, nominative/accusative singular; here nominative as subject of ‘na (a)sya’ understood ‘asti’

• na: not
• na: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• asya: of him / for him
• asya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, masculine/neuter, genitive (षष्ठी) singular

• kiñcana: even a little
• kiñcana: Pramāṇa-visheshaṇa (प्रमाणविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kiñcana (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययवत्)
• Form: Indeclinable used as minimizer (न्यूनार्थक-निपात) with negation

• kiñcit: something
• kiñcit: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, neuter, accusative singular

• manogatam: in (his) mind
• manogatam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: manas + gata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound: manas + gata (सप्तमी/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष sense ‘gone into mind’); neuter, accusative singular; qualifies ‘kiñcit’

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/विरोधसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle

• asya: of him
• asya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, genitive singular

• tvadbhayāt: from fear of you
• tvadbhayāt: Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvat + bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound: tvat (2nd person pronoun stem) + bhaya (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ‘fear of you’); neuter, ablative (पञ्चमी) singular

• na: not
• na: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• abhibhāṣate: speaks / tells
• abhibhāṣate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi + bhāṣ (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 3rd person singular, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

Context

O Rama, the king is neither angry, nor has any misforturne befallen him. But out of fear for you he is not able to speak out what he has in mind.

Characters & Entities

• Kaikeyī
• Rāma
• Daśaratha (king)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse implicitly contrasts dharmic clarity with emotional pressure: truth should be spoken responsibly, yet Kaikeyī frames silence as fear, preparing to compel action without transparent dialogue.

What is the narrative situation?

Kaikeyī explains Daśaratha’s silence to Rāma, claiming the king is unable to speak what he intends.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s expected virtue is steadiness and obedience to dharma; Daśaratha’s vulnerability is shown as emotional incapacity to speak against his beloved son.