Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 114, Shloka 25

अयोध्याप्रवेशः

Bharata Enters Ayodhya and Perceives the City’s Desolation

Devanagari script

चन्दनागरुगन्धांश्च महार्हाश्च नवस्रजः। गते हि रामे तरुणा स्संतप्ता नोपभुञ्जते।।2.114.25।।

Transliteration

candanāgarugandhāṁś ca mahārhāś ca navasrajaḥ |

gate hi rāme taruṇāḥ santaptā nopabhuñjate ||2.114.25||

Translation

رام کے چلے جانے کے بعد دل گرفتہ نوجوان نہ قیمتی چندن اور عود (اگرو) کی خوشبوؤں میں لذت پاتے ہیں، نہ تازہ پھولوں کی بیش بہا مالاؤں میں۔

Word by Word

• candana-aguru-gandhān: sandalwood and aguru fragrances
• candana-aguru-gandhān: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: candana (प्रातिपदिक) + aguru (प्रातिपदिक) + gandha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) of candana + aguru as qualifiers within; overall ‘candanasya ca aguroś ca gandhāḥ’; Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन); object of upabhuñjate

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• mahārhāḥ: costly
• mahārhāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahārha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; adjective qualifying navasrajaḥ (and/or implied objects)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• nava-srajaḥ: fresh garlands
• nava-srajaḥ: Karma (कर्म/Object—understood with upabhuñjate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nava (प्रातिपदिक) + sraj (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘navāḥ srajaḥ’; Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; coordinated with candana-aguru-gandhān as enjoyed items (object understood)

• gate: when (he) had gone
• gate: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Absolute condition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Kta-pratyaya (क्त) past participle ‘gone’; Puṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; locative absolute with rāme

• hi: for/indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta (particle), causal/emphatic

• rāme: when Rāma (was)
• rāme: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative absolute)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; with gate (locative absolute)

• taruṇāḥ: young men
• taruṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: taruṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; subject of upabhuñjate

• santaptāḥ: distressed
• santaptāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: santapta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; adjective qualifying taruṇāḥ

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (प्रतिषेध)

• upabhuñjate: enjoy
• upabhuñjate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhuj (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra, Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana; Ātmanepada; with prefix upa-; √bhuj ‘to enjoy/consume’

Context

Since Rama has departed, the young men in distress do not enjoy expensive incense of agaru and sandalwood paste and garlands of fresh flowers.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Ayodhya

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as loyalty to the righteous (Rama) and shared civic mourning: when the upholder of dharma is exiled, even legitimate pleasures lose meaning, reflecting a society whose joy is anchored in righteousness rather than indulgence.

What is the narrative situation?

After Rama’s departure to the forest, Bharata observes Ayodhya’s changed mood: the youth no longer enjoy perfumes and garlands, signs of public celebration and normal life.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s compassion and moral sensitivity: he reads the city’s grief as a sign of Rama’s belovedness and dharmic stature, and he himself shares that sorrow.